Orangutan Energetics and the Influence of Fruit Availability in the Nonmasting Peat-swamp Forest of Sabangau, Indonesian Borneo
Orangutan Energetics and the Influence of Fruit Availability in the Nonmasting Peat-swamp Forest of Sabangau, Indonesian Borneo
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-010-9415-5
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Chivers, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harrison, Mark E.;Morrogh-Bernard, Helen C.;Chivers, David J.
能量摄入量的数据和水果供应波动对非洲猿和红毛猩猩能量摄入量的影响表明，红毛猩猩可能面临比非洲同类更大的能量挑战。然而，在无桅杆森林中的红毛猩猩的可比数据一直缺乏，这使得解释变得复杂。我们进行了46个月的研究，在nonmasting Sabangau泥炭沼泽森林，印度尼西亚婆罗洲的猩猩能量学。Sabangau红毛猩猩经历了负能量平衡的时期显然甚至比在桅杆果栖息地更长，所观察到的能量摄入量与理论要求和尿酮分析的比较表明。每日能量摄入量呈正相关，水果可用性法兰男性，但不是在成年女性或unflanded男性。这可能代表不同的觅食策略之间的年龄性别类，并表明，水果的可用性并不总是一个准确的指标猿能量摄入/平衡。尿酮水平通常与水果供应、每日能量摄入、白天活动范围或聚会规模无关。这可能是由于在整个研究期间能量摄入量低，因此酮产生量高。与已发表的非洲猿的研究结果进行比较，支持了这样一种假设，即猩猩在类人猿中是独一无二的，经常经历长时间的负能量平衡。这对猩猩的行为和社会生态学有着重要的影响，并且可能是推动猩猩和非洲猿进化分歧的关键因素。
Data on energy intake and the effects of fluctuations in fruit availability on energy intake for African apes, and orangutans in mast-fruiting habitats, indicate that orangutans may face greater energetic challenges than do their African counterparts. Comparable data on orangutans in nonmasting forests, which experience lower fluctuations in fruit availability, have been lacking, however, complicating interpretations. We conducted a 46-mo study of orangutan energetics in the nonmasting Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Sabangau orangutans experienced periods of negative energy balance apparently even longer than in mast-fruiting habitats, as indicated by comparisons of observed energy intake with theoretical requirements and analysis of urinary ketones. Daily energy intake was positively related to fruit availability in flanged males, but not in adult females or unflanged males. This may represent different foraging strategies between age-sex classes and suggests that fruit availability is not always an accurate indicator of ape energy intake/balance. Urinary ketone levels were not generally related to fruit availability, daily energy intake, day range, or party size. This is probably due to low energy intake, and consequently high ketone production, throughout much of the study period. Comparisons with published results on African apes support the hypothesis that orangutans are unique among hominoids in regularly experiencing prolonged periods of negative energy balance. This has important effects on orangutan behavior and socioecology, and has likely been a key factor driving the evolutionary divergence of orangutans and African apes.