Progovernment Militias
Progovernment Militias
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-polisci-051915-045433
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mitchell, Neil J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carey, Sabine C.;Mitchell, Neil J.
长期以来，社会学家、政治学家和经济学家一直强调垄断暴力的好处和不这样做的风险。然而，最近对冲突、国家失败、种族灭绝、政变和选举暴力的研究表明，政府不能也不会形成垄断。世界各国政府对风险的接受程度高于预期。他们把武器和权力交给各种非国家行为者，民兵、民团、行刑队、代理人部队、准军事部队和制衡力量。我们发展了一种类型学的基础上的民兵与政府和社会的联系，作为一种手段，以捕捉这些群体之间的变化。我们使用的类型学探索的原因，后果和令人费解的亲政府民兵的生存及其对安全和人权的影响，以及产生进一步研究的开放性问题，从这个新兴的文献的见解。
Sociologists, political scientists, and economists have long emphasized the benefits of monopolizing violence and the risks of failing to do so. Yet recent research on conflict, state failure, genocide, coups, and election violence suggests governments cannot or will not form a monopoly. Governments worldwide are more risk acceptant than anticipated. They give arms and authority to a variety of nonstate actors, militias, vigilantes, death squads, proxy forces, paramilitaries, and counterbalancing forces. We develop a typology based on the links of the militia to the government and to society as a device to capture variations among these groups. We use the typology to explore insights from this emerging literature on the causes, consequences, and puzzling survival of progovernment militias and their implications for security and human rights, as well as to generate open questions for further research.