Plant genotypes affect aboveground and belowground herbivore interactions by changing chemical defense
Plant genotypes affect aboveground and belowground herbivore interactions by changing chemical defense
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植物基因型通过改变化学防御影响地上和地下食草动物的相互作用
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-016-3719-x
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Ding, Jianqing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xiaoqiong;Guo, Wenfeng;Ding, Jianqing
空间分离的地上（AG）和地下（BG）食草动物通过共享的寄主植物紧密联系在一起，AG-BG相互作用和植物响应的模式可能因植物基因型而异。我们对入侵（美国）和本土（中国）基因型的牛油树（Triadica sebifera）进行了草食实验，实验对象是AG专业的卷叶象甲（Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis）和/或食根的蚤甲虫（Bikasha collaris）幼虫。我们测量了象鼻虫对叶片的伤害和叶片被象鼻虫碾压的情况，量化了甲虫的存活率，并分析了叶片和根系中的类黄酮和单宁浓度。AG和BG草食动物对本土和入侵基因型均形成负反馈。在入侵基因型上，象鼻虫对叶片的伤害和成虫幼虫的出芽数量较高。入侵基因型的甲虫减少了象鼻虫的伤害，象鼻虫减少了甲虫幼虫的羽化。入侵基因型的单宁含量低于本土基因型。BG甲虫降低了本土基因型的单宁含量，而增加了入侵基因型的根单宁含量。AG草食增加了入侵基因型的根类黄酮，而BG草食降低了入侵基因型的叶类黄酮。入侵型对AG和BG草食动物的抗性较低，AG-BG草食动物的负反馈更强。较低的单宁浓度解释了AG和BG草食动物在入侵基因型上的总体表现。然而，单宁和黄酮类化合物的变化对AG和BG食草动物的影响不同。这些结果表明，入侵植物在化学物质生产上的差异选择可能对调节新环境下的食草动物性能和新的AG和BG食草动物群落至关重要。
Spatially separated aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) herbivores are closely linked through shared host plants, and both patterns of AG-BG interactions and plant responses may vary among plant genotypes. We subjected invasive (USA) and native (China) genotypes of tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) to herbivory by the AG specialist leaf-rolling weevil Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis and/or the root-feeding larvae of flea beetle Bikasha collaris. We measured leaf damage and leaves rolled by weevils, quantified beetle survival, and analyzed flavonoid and tannin concentrations in leaves and roots. AG and BG herbivores formed negative feedbacks on both native and invasive genotypes. Leaf damage by weevils and the number of beetle larvae emerging as adults were higher on invasive genotypes. Beetles reduced weevil damage and weevils reduced beetle larval emergence more strongly for invasive genotypes. Invasive genotypes had lower leaf and root tannins than native genotypes. BG beetles decreased leaf tannins of native genotypes but increased root tannins of invasive genotypes. AG herbivory increased root flavonoids of invasive genotypes while BG herbivory decreased leaf flavonoids. Invasive genotypes had lower AG and BG herbivore resistance, and negative AG-BG herbivore feedbacks were much stronger for invasive genotypes. Lower tannin concentrations explained overall better AG and BG herbivore performances on invasive genotypes. However, changes in tannins and flavonoids affected AG and BG herbivores differently. These results suggest that divergent selection on chemical production in invasive plants may be critical in regulating herbivore performances and novel AG and BG herbivore communities in new environments.