NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: GLOBAL HEALTH PRIORITY OR MARKET OPPORTUNITY? AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AT ITS WORST AND AT ITS BEST
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: GLOBAL HEALTH PRIORITY OR MARKET OPPORTUNITY? AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AT ITS WORST AND AT ITS BEST
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DOI：
10.2190/hs.43.3.d
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Katz, Alison Rosamund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Katz, Alison Rosamund
促进将非传染性疾病作为全球卫生优先事项始于十年前，并在2011年联合国高级别会议上达到高潮。重点是四种疾病（心血管和慢性呼吸道疾病、癌症和糖尿病）和四个风险因素（吸烟、不健康饮食、缺乏体育活动和有害饮酒）。信息是，疾病和死亡现在全球化，风险因素绝大多数是行为因素，非传染性疾病过早死亡，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家，是令人关切的问题。联合国各机构、基金会、研究所和组织以一种暗示市场机会的方式推动非传染性疾病议程。非传染性疾病的这种“硬推销”与世界卫生组织《全球疾病负担报告》的冷静风格形成鲜明对比，该报告对死亡率和发病率以及对全球卫生优先事项的不同影响作了更细致的描述。本报告指出，在低收入国家，传染病和孕产妇、围产期和营养状况导致的过早死亡率仍然很高，健康不平等现象也很严重。对这些报告进行比较可以看出，世界卫生组织在最坏的情况下是在私营部门的影响下运作，而在最好的情况下是根据其章程授权运作。
The promotion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as a global health priority started a decade ago and culminated in a 2011 United Nations high-level meeting. The focus is on four diseases (cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes) and four risk factors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol use). The message is that disease and death are now globalized, risk factors are overwhelmingly behavioral, and premature NCD deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries, are the concern. The NCD agenda is promoted by United Nations agencies, foundations, institutes, and organizations in a style that suggests a market opportunity. This "hard sell" of NCDs contrasts with the sober style of the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease report, which presents a more nuanced picture of mortality and morbidity and different implications for global health priorities. This report indicates continuing high levels of premature death from infectious disease and from maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions in low-income countries and large health inequalities. Comparison of the reports offers an illustration of the World Health Organization at its worst, operating under the influence of the private sector, and at its best, operating according to its constitutional mandate.