Parental Effects and Climate Change: Will Avian Incubation Behavior Shield Embryos from Increasing Environmental Temperatures?
Parental Effects and Climate Change: Will Avian Incubation Behavior Shield Embryos from Increasing Environmental Temperatures?
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz083
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Carroll, Rachel B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DuRant, Sarah E.;Willson, John D.;Carroll, Rachel B.
野生动物对气候变化的反应的一个主要驱动因素将包括非基因组效应，如通过亲本行为和生理学介导的效应（即，父母的影响）。父母的影响可以影响一生的生殖成功和生存，从而影响人口一级的进程。然而，在多大程度上父母的影响将有助于人口的持续或减少，以应对气候变化还没有得到很好的理解。这些影响对于表现出广泛的父母照顾行为的物种来说可能是巨大的，比如鸟类。环境温度在塑造鸟类孵化行为中很重要，这些因素相互作用，以确定胚胎在发育过程中所暴露的热条件，以及随后的鸟类表型和第二性比。在这篇文章中，我们认为，孵化行为可能是一个重要的调解人的鸟类对气候变化的反应，我们比较孵化策略的两个物种适应不同的热环境筑巢在极端高温，我们提出了一个简单的模型，估计蛋温的变化，根据这些孵化模式和预测的最高日气温的增加。我们表明，预计到2100年在美国中部的空气温度的增加将增加温度，鸡蛋的经验在下午关闭回合和巢暴露于致命的温度的比例。为了更好地了解物种和当地适应以及孵化行为的行为可塑性如何有助于种群对气候变化的反应，需要对更多鸟类种群、物种和热景观进行比较。
A major driver of wildlife responses to climate change will include non-genomic effects, like those mediated through parental behavior and physiology (i.e., parental effects). Parental effects can influence lifetime reproductive success and survival, and thus population-level processes. However, the extent to which parental effects will contribute to population persistence or declines in response to climate change is not well understood. These effects may be substantial for species that exhibit extensive parental care behaviors, like birds. Environmental temperature is important in shaping avian incubation behavior, and these factors interact to determine the thermal conditions embryos are exposed to during development, and subsequently avian phenotypes and secondary sex ratios. In this article, we argue that incubation behavior may be an important mediator of avian responses to climate change, we compare incubation strategies of two species adapted to different thermal environments nesting in extreme heat, and we present a simple model that estimates changes in egg temperature based on these incubation patterns and predicted increases in maximum daily air temperature. We demonstrate that the predicted increase in air temperature by 2100 in the central USA will increase temperatures that eggs experience during afternoon off-bouts and the proportion of nests exposed to lethal temperatures. To better understand how species and local adaptations and behavioral-plasticity of incubation behavior will contribute to population responses to climate change comparisons are needed across more avian populations, species, and thermal landscapes.