Influences of the Kuroshio on Interisland Remote Connectivity of Corals Across the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea
Influences of the Kuroshio on Interisland Remote Connectivity of Corals Across the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2018jc014017
复制
发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Mitarai, Satoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uchiyama, Yusuke;Odani, Sachika;Mitarai, Satoshi
基于区域海洋模拟系统和三维拉格朗日粒子跟踪模式，建立了一个亚中尺度涡旋分解天气海洋模式，以保护南海南沙群岛珊瑚生境。从2012年到2015年，每年春天从19个主要岛屿和一个泻湖释放数百万个代表珊瑚卵和幼虫的中性浮力颗粒。将模型结果与卫星数据、现场观测数据和地面漂移数据进行了比较，以证实模型结果的合理一致性。利用模拟粒子位移的拉格朗日概率密度函数对群岛间的连通性矩阵进行量化。大多数颗粒留在释放区附近，而一些颗粒被东北漂流的黑潮传播了很长一段距离，导致岛屿间珊瑚在群岛上的显著运输，促进了岛屿间的连通性。通过分析从群岛最南端的八山群岛释放的颗粒从沿海到远洋运输的转变，研究了一种可能的机制。黑潮捕获了从岛屿北部海岸释放的粒子，其夹带速率具有相当大的时间变异性。相比之下，从南部海岸释放的颗粒明显受到释放点周围东流的影响，这大大减少了它们在黑潮中的夹带，从而减少了长距离运输。一些被夹带的粒子突然从黑潮中喷出，被黑潮与群岛之间形成的向西南漂移的黑潮逆流所困，随后向东输送到岛屿。为了保护和保护南海南沙群岛沿岸的珊瑚栖息地，我们基于区域海洋模拟系统（Regional Oceanic Modeling System）的三维海洋环流数值模型，对南海南沙群岛岛屿周围浅海释放的模拟珊瑚卵和幼虫的颗粒进行了三维跟踪。虽然被释放的珊瑚大部分被短距离运送，并在释放地点附近定居，但也有适量的珊瑚被发展在岛屿以西约150公里的东北方向的黑潮带走。携带的粒子可以向东北方向传播约1000公里，从而连接岛屿间的人口。然而，夹带率在很大程度上取决于释放的地点和当地洋流对释放的变化。此外，一些携带粒子被黑潮突然排出，被黑潮和群岛之间形成的向西南漂移的黑潮逆流所困，随后向东输送到岛屿。这些发现可以直接用于制定有效的海洋保护区设计管理政策。
For the preservation and protection of coral habitats along the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea, a submesoscale eddy-resolving synoptic ocean model was developed based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System coupled with a 3-D Lagrangian particle tracking model. Millions of neutrally buoyant particles representing coral spawn and larvae were released from 19 major islands and one lagoon every spring from 2012 to 2015. The model results were compared to satellite data, in situ observation, and surface drifters to confirm reasonable agreement. The connectivity matrix across the archipelago was quantified using Lagrangian probability density functions of the modeled particle displacement. Most particles remained near the release areas, while some traveled long distances by the northeastward drifting Kuroshio, leading to notable interisland coral transport across the archipelago that promotes interisland connectivity. A possible mechanism was examined by analyzing the transition from coastal to pelagic transport of the particles released from the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost area of the archipelago. The Kuroshio trapped the particles released from the northern coast of the islands with considerable temporal variability in the entrainment rate. By contrast, particles released from the southern coast are markedly affected by the eastward current around the release sites, which significantly reduces their entrainment in the Kuroshio and, thus, long-distance transport. Some entrained particles were expelled abruptly from the Kuroshio, trapped by the southwestward drifting Kuroshio Counter Current developed between the Kuroshio and the archipelago, and subsequently transported eastward to the islands.Plain Language Summary For the preservation and protection of coral habitats along the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea, we conducted 3-D tracking of particles mimicking coral spawn and larvae released from shallow seas around the islands across the Nansei Archipelago, based on a numerical 3-D ocean circulation model, Regional Oceanic Modeling System. Although the released corals were mostly transported short distances and settled down near the release sites, a moderate amount was entrained in the northeastward drifting Kuroshio Current developed in similar to 150km west of the islands. The entrained particles could be conveyed northeastward for similar to 1,000km, leading to interisland population connections. However, the entrainment rate largely depended on locations of the releases and variability in local oceanic currents upon the releases. Furthermore, some entrained particles were expelled abruptly from the Kuroshio, trapped by the southwestward drifting Kuroshio Counter Current developed between the Kuroshio and the archipelago, and subsequently transported eastward to the islands. These findings can be directly utilized in policy-making for the effective design management of marine protected areas.