Utilizing Reclaimed Petroleum Waste to Synthesize Water-Soluble Polysulfides for Selective Heavy Metal Binding and Detection
Utilizing Reclaimed Petroleum Waste to Synthesize Water-Soluble Polysulfides for Selective Heavy Metal Binding and Detection
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DOI：
10.1021/acsapm.1c01536
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发表时间：
2022-01-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Jenkins, Courtney L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eder, M. Logan;Call, Cameron B.;Jenkins, Courtney L.
许多工业过程产生含有有毒和贵重金属污染物的废物。目前的修复策略缺乏有效消除重金属所需的选择性。因此，需要材料来有效地处理废物流和受污染的水道。众所周知，硫具有选择性地结合重金属的能力。此外，在石油精炼过程中大量产生多余的硫，使其价格低廉且储量丰富。反硫化使多余的硫被重新利用到高含硫量的材料，而不需要溶剂。这些多硫化物已经证明了许多有益的应用，包括重金属结合。然而，它们的溶解度低，并以疏水单体为主。在这里，单质硫和带电单体，包括二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（DADMAC），首次在一步反应中结合形成水溶性多硫化物。水溶性允许溶解的金属离子与聚合物完全相互作用，而不是像传统的反硫化聚合物那样在表面水平上相互作用。此外，带电的多硫化物在有机溶剂中表现出增强的溶解度，使基于溶液的表征（如NMR）更加准确。聚（S-DADMAC）已证明选择性结合金和银诱导形成的大分子络合物沉淀的溶液。此外，这些聚合物与包括铅和铜在内的其他重金属相互作用，在低浓度下显示出可见的颜色变化，可用于检测废水中这些金属的存在。低成本、易于制备和可扩展性使这些多硫化物具有实用性和功能性。
Many industrial processes produce waste with toxic and precious metal pollutants. Current remediation strategies lack the selectivity needed to effectively eliminate heavy metals. Thus, materials are needed to effectively treat waste streams and contaminated waterways. Sulfur is well known for its ability to selectively bind heavy metals. Additionally, excess sulfur is produced on large scales during petroleum refinement making it inexpensive and abundant. Inverse vulcanization enables surplus sulfur to be repurposed into high sulfur content materials without the need for solvents. These polysulfides have demonstrated many beneficial applications including heavy metal binding. However, they are plagued by low solubility and dominated by hydrophobic monomers. Here, elemental sulfur and charged monomers, including diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), were combined for the first time in a one-step reaction forming water-soluble polysulfides. The water solubility allows for complete interaction of dissolved metal ions with the polymer, rather than surface-level interaction as is the case for traditional inverse vulcanized polymers. Additionally, the charged polysulfides exhibit enhanced solubility in organic solvents, making solution-based characterization such as NMR more accurate. Poly(S-DADMAC) has demonstrated selective binding to gold and silver inducing the formation of a macromolecular complex that precipitates from solution. Additionally, these polymers interact with other heavy metals including lead and copper demonstrating a visible color change at low concentrations that may be used to detect the presence of these metals in wastewater. The low cost, ease of preparation, and scalability make these polysulfides practical as well as functional.