European and American perspectives on the meaning of natural
European and American perspectives on the meaning of natural
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DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.001
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Shields-Argeles, Christy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rozin, Paul;Fischler, Claude;Shields-Argeles, Christy
对来自法国、德国、意大利、瑞士、英国和美国的成年人的代表性样本，通过多项选择题、自然的定义和对“自然”一词的自由联想来评估对天然食品和转基因生物的态度。所有国家的个人都对自然持非常积极的态度。这六个国家对自然的概念有着惊人的相似之处，食品（和饮料）是自然概念的核心，并与生物、健康、植物和环境等概念相联系。人口统计学差异（如性别、教育）也很小。对定义和自由联想的分析表明，其他数据也证实，在所有国家，自然的定义主要是没有某些“负面”特征（如添加剂、污染、人为干预），而不是存在某些积极特征。在所有国家，植物，特别是植物性食物，比动物更常成为“自然”的典范，绿色是与自然相关的主要颜色。所有国家都有反对基因工程的声音，基因工程可以被认为是自然的对立面，但反对声音在欧洲大陆最高，在美国最低(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.。版权所有。
Attitudes to natural foods and genetically modified organisms, assessed by multiple choice items, definitions of natural, and free associations to the word "natural" were determined for a representative sample of adults from France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the U.K., and the U.S.A. Individuals in all countries had a very positive attitude to natural. There is a surprising degree of similarity in conceptions of natural across the six countries, with a focus of food (and beverages) as central to the idea of natural, and links to the ideas of biological, healthy, plants, and the environment. Demographic differences (e.g., sex, education) were also small. Analysis of definitions and free associations suggests, and other data confirm, that across all countries, natural is defined principally by the absence of certain "negative" features (e.g., additives, pollution, human intervention), rather than the presence of certain positive features. Across all countries, plants, and in particular, plant foods, are more frequent exemplars of "natural" than are animals, with green the dominant color associated with natural. There is opposition to genetic engineering, which can be thought to be the opposite of natural, in all countries, but it is highest in continental Europe and lowest in the U.S.A. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.