The New Mongolian State Herder: Examining Invocations and Improvisations of the State in Rural Mongolia
The New Mongolian State Herder: Examining Invocations and Improvisations of the State in Rural Mongolia
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DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2019.1638750
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ariell Ahearn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ariell Ahearn
本文旨在加深对蒙古农村当代国家决策的理解，这种决策取决于历史进程，而不是理所当然的自然范畴。后社会主义蒙古的写作往往强调农村地区的“国家撤退”，本文通过说明牧民生计和牧民劳动的理想化被积极纳入当代国家决策实践的方式，提供了一个对立面。本文以巴彦洪格尔省的民族志研究为基础，考察了蒙古国农村地区积极的地方政府行政体系与牧民家庭之间的互动关系。分析的重点是实施两项针对牧民家庭的政府举措：国家牧民文凭，奖章和邮票，以及政府-牧民沟通笔记本。治理研究，表演性理论和即兴创作的概念提供了一个概念框架，认为蒙古农村国家的新自由主义撤退并不能充分捕捉到2010年代的国家决策类型。相反，它建议学者们应该把注意力转移到乡村治理如何在实地运作，并专注于国家在日常实践中被调用和可见的方式，并关注历史遗产。关键词：治理，即兴，蒙古，畜牧业，国家。
This article aims to advance understandings of contemporary state-making in rural Mongolia, contingent on historical processes rather than a taken-for-granted natural category. Writing on postsocialist Mongolia often emphasizes the “retreat of the state” in rural areas; this article offers a counterpoint to this discourse by illustrating the ways in which herder livelihoods and the idealization of herder labor are actively drawn into contemporary state-making practices. Based on ethnographic research in Bayanhongor province, this article examines the interactions between an active local government administration system and pastoralist households at the subdistrict level in rural Mongolia. The analysis focuses on the implementation of two government initiatives tailored for herder households: a State Herder diploma, medal, and stamp, as well as a government–herder communication notebook. Governmentality studies, performativity theory, and the concept of improvisation provide a conceptual framework to argue that the neoliberal retreat of the state in rural Mongolia does not adequately capture the types of state-making in the 2010s. Rather, it proposes that scholars should shift attention to how the rural governance works on the ground and focus on the ways in which the state is invoked and made visible in everyday practice with attention to historical legacies. Key Words: governmentality, improvisation, Mongolia, pastoralism, the state.