How does bilingualism improve executive control? A comparison of active and reactive inhibition mechanisms
How does bilingualism improve executive control? A comparison of active and reactive inhibition mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.302
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hommel, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colzato, Lorenza S.;Bajo, Maria Teresa;Hommel, Bernhard
有人声称双语能力增强抑制控制，但现有的证据是模棱两可的。作者通过比较单语者和双语者的停止信号表现、返回抑制和注意瞬脱，评估了抑制假说的几个可能版本。可以说，这三种现象都涉及到抑制的不同方面。单语者和双语者在停止信号反应时间方面没有差异，因此在活性抑制效率方面具有可比性。然而，双语者没有表现出空间线索的易化，表现出强烈的返回抑制效应，并表现出更明显的注意瞬脱。这些结果表明，双语者没有不同的单语者在主动抑制，但获得了更好的能力，以保持行动目标，并利用它们来偏见的目标相关的信息。在某些情况下，这种能力可能会间接导致对无关信息的反应性抑制。
It has been claimed that bilingualism enhances inhibitory control, but the available evidence is equivocal. The authors evaluated several possible versions of the inhibition hypothesis by comparing monolinguals and bilinguals with regard to stop signal performance, inhibition of return, and the attentional blink. These three phenomena, it can be argued, tap into different aspects of inhibition. Monolinguals and bilinguals did not differ in stop signal reaction time and thus were comparable in terms of active-inhibitory efficiency. However, bilinguals showed no facilitation from spatial cues, showed a strong inhibition of return effect, and exhibited a more pronounced attentional blink. These results suggest that bilinguals do not differ from monolinguals in terms of active inhibition but have acquired a better ability to maintain action goals and to use them to bias goal-related information. Under some circumstances, this ability may indirectly lead to more pronounced reactive inhibition of irrelevant information.