Slant from texture and disparity cues: Optimal cue combination
Slant from texture and disparity cues: Optimal cue combination
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DOI：
10.1167/4.12.1
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Banks, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hillis, JM;Watt, SJ;Banks, MS
视觉系统如何结合来自不同深度线索的信息来估计三维场景参数？我们测试了透视（纹理）线索组合的最大似然估计（MLE）模型和表面倾斜的双目视差线索。通过将每个提示的可靠性纳入组合过程，MLE 提供比单独使用任一提示更可靠的倾斜估计。我们使用倾斜辨别任务在一系列倾斜和距离上单独测量每个线索的可靠性。纹理提示的可靠性随着“倾斜”的增加而增加，并且不随距离而改变。视差提示的可靠性随着距离的增加而降低，并且随着倾斜度的变化而变化，这也取决于观看距离。单线索数据的趋势可以根据视网膜图像中可用的信息以及与解决双眼对应问题相关的问题来理解。为了测试 MLE 模型，我们测量了视差和纹理冲突时双线索刺激的感知倾斜度以及两个线索均可用时倾斜估计的可靠性。两个线索研究的结果表明，与 MLE 模型一致，观察者根据每个线索的相对可靠性对其进行加权：视差权重随着距离和“倾斜”的增加而减少。我们还观察到当两种线索都可用时，倾斜估计的预期改善。几乎没有差异，我们的数据表明观察者以统计上最佳的方式组合线索，从而将倾斜估计的方差降低到单独从任一线索可以实现的水平以下。这些结果与定量检验提示组合 MLE 模型的其他研究一致。因此，越来越多的经验共识认为 MLE 提供了线索组合的良好定量解释，并且感官信息的使用方式可以最大限度地提高感知估计的精度。
How does the visual system combine information from different depth cues to estimate three-dimensional scene parameters? We tested a maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) model of cue combination for perspective ( texture) and binocular disparity cues to surface slant. By factoring the reliability of each cue into the combination process, MLE provides more reliable estimates of slant than would be available from either cue alone. We measured the reliability of each cue in isolation across a range of slants and distances using a slant-discrimination task. The reliability of the texture cue increases as \slant\ increases and does not change with distance. The reliability of the disparity cue decreases as distance increases and varies with slant in a way that also depends on viewing distance. The trends in the single-cue data can be understood in terms of the information available in the retinal images and issues related to solving the binocular correspondence problem. To test the MLE model, we measured perceived slant of two-cue stimuli when disparity and texture were in conflict and the reliability of slant estimation when both cues were available. Results from the two-cue study indicate, consistent with the MLE model, that observers weight each cue according to its relative reliability: Disparity weight decreased as distance and \slant\ increased. We also observed the expected improvement in slant estimation when both cues were available. With few discrepancies, our data indicate that observers combine cues in a statistically optimal fashion and thereby reduce the variance of slant estimates below that which could be achieved from either cue alone. These results are consistent with other studies that quantitatively examined the MLE model of cue combination. Thus, there is a growing empirical consensus that MLE provides a good quantitative account of cue combination and that sensory information is used in a manner that maximizes the precision of perceptual estimates.