Improvement and Impairment of Visually Guided Behavior through LTP- and LTD-like Exposure-Based Visual Learning
Improvement and Impairment of Visually Guided Behavior through LTP- and LTD-like Exposure-Based Visual Learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.065
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发表时间：
2011-05-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Dinse, Hubert R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beste, Christian;Wascher, Edmund;Dinse, Hubert R.
细胞研究主要集中在长期增强（LTP）和长期抑制（LTD）上，以了解突触连接持续变化的需求[1-3]。LTP是通过高频间歇性刺激诱发的，而低频刺激则会诱发LTP。由于这些协议的普遍功效，它们被认为是学习的基本机制。在这里，我们将LTP/LTD-like协议应用于视觉刺激，以改变人类视觉引导的行为。在变化检测任务中，参与者报告了亮度变化对分散注意力的方向变化的影响。随后，他们接受相关亮度或不相关方向特征的高频或低频被动视觉刺激。类似ltp的高频方案利用亮度提高了检测亮度变化的能力，而低频类似ltp的刺激则会损害性能。相比之下，ltp -样的不相关取向特征暴露会损害表现，而ltp -样的取向刺激则会改善表现。ltp样效应持续10天，而ltd样效应持续时间较短。我们的数据表明，与电刺激突触不同的是，通过同等时间的视觉刺激，人类会产生选择性的行为变化，这表明LTD-和LTP-like协议都控制着人类的行为，但变化的方向是由纳入刺激协议的特征决定的。
Cellular studies have focused on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) to understand requirements for persistent changes in synaptic connections [1-3]. Whereas LTP is induced through high-frequency intermittent stimulation, low-frequency stimulation evokes LTD [4]. Because of the ubiquitous efficacy of these protocols, they are considered fundamental mechanisms underlying learning. Here we adapted LTP/LTD-like protocols to visual stimulation to alter human visually guided behavior. In a change-detection task, participants reported luminance changes against distracting orientation changes. Subsequently, they were exposed to passive visual high- or low-frequency stimulation of either the relevant luminance or irrelevant orientation feature. LTP-like high-frequency protocols using luminance improved ability to detect luminance changes, whereas low-frequency LTD-like stimulation impaired performance. In contrast, LTP-Iike exposure of the irrelevant orientation feature impaired performance, whereas LTD-like orientation stimulation improved it. LTP-like effects were present for 10 days, whereas LTD-like effects lasted for a shorter period of time. Our data demonstrate that instead of electrically stimulating synapses, selective behavioral changes are evoked in humans by using equivalently timed visual stimulation, suggesting that both LTD- and LTP-like protocols control human behavior but that the direction of changes is determined by the feature incorporated into the stimulation protocol.