Spatial Analysis of Air Pollution and Mortality in California
Spatial Analysis of Air Pollution and Mortality in California
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.201303-0609oc
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Pope, C. Arden, III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jerrett, Michael;Burnett, Richard T.;Pope, C. Arden, III
理论基础：尽管大量科学证据表明，长期暴露在环境空气污染中会导致过早死亡，但这种联系的规模和一致性存在不确定性。不准确的暴露评估可能会产生不确定性。目的：使用个性化暴露评估来评估三种类型的空气污染物(细颗粒物、臭氧[O-3]和二氧化氮[NO2])与加州成年人死亡风险的关系。方法：对于细颗粒物和NO2，我们使用土地利用回归模型来预测家庭住址的个性化暴露。对于O-3，我们用反距离加权插值法估计了曝光量。测量和主要结果：从美国癌症协会癌症预防II研究队列中提取了73,711名居住在加利福尼亚州的受试者的数据，并在1982年确定了个体特征的基线，并对生命状况进行了跟踪调查，直到2000年。暴露数据来自政府监测人员。暴露于细颗粒物、O-3和NO2与缺血性心脏病死亡率呈正相关。NO2(交通污染的标志)和细颗粒物也与各种原因的死亡有关。只有NO2与肺癌死亡率呈显著正相关。结论：在这一重要队列中首次个体化暴露分配，我们发现细颗粒物、O-3和NO2与死亡率呈正相关。二氧化氮的积极关联表明，交通污染与过早死亡有关。
Rationale: Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment.Objectives: To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O-3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments.Methods: For fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O-3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality.Measurements and Main Results: Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O-3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality.Conclusions: Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O-3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death.