Recent interactions with snakes enhance escape performance of desert kangaroo rats (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) during simulated attacks
Recent interactions with snakes enhance escape performance of desert kangaroo rats (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) during simulated attacks
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最近与蛇的互动增强了沙漠袋鼠（啮齿动物：Heteromyidae）在模拟攻击期间的逃生能力
DOI：
10.1093/biolinnean/blx091
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
R. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. A. Freymiller;M. Whitford;T. Higham;R. Clark
当捕食者依靠高速运动来捕获猎物时，猎物通常会表现出相应的极端身体表现。这些相互作用的生物力学研究通常在实验室环境中进行，从而消除了一些生态环境。我们研究了如何行为状态，特别是警惕水平，袋鼠大鼠在模拟响尾蛇罢工影响逃避性能。警戒级别是通过展示一条拴着的响尾蛇来操纵的。在捕食者暴露后，我们记录了袋鼠逃避模拟攻击的视频，并将这些视频用于提取有关袋鼠表现的信息。高警惕性的袋鼠鼠（最近接触过响尾蛇）在反应时间和起跳速度上都明显优于低警惕性的袋鼠鼠（没有接触过响尾蛇），并且跳跃的幅度更大。虽然我们的记录不足以进行详细的生物力学量化，反应时间的高警惕性袋鼠大鼠可能是最快的记录哺乳动物，这些人中有36%的生产一个可见的反应攻击内不超过8-17毫秒和组平均值为23.1毫秒。这项研究表明，行为状态可以有重大影响的性能在捕食性遭遇。因此，在某些情况下，躲避反捕食者机动的实验室研究可能会低估在野外的表现。
When predators rely on high-speed movements to capture prey, prey often exhibit traits that result in correspondingly extreme physical performance. Biomechanical studies of these interactions are typically conducted in laboratory settings, thereby eliminating some of the ecological context. We studied how behavioural state, specifically vigilance level, of kangaroo rats affects evasion performance during simulated rattlesnake strikes. Vigilance levels were manipulated through the presentation of a tethered sidewinder rattlesnake. After predator exposure, we recorded kangaroo rats evading simulated attacks, and the videos were used to extract information about kangaroo rat performance. High-vigilance kangaroo rats (recently exposed to a rattlesnake) significantly outperformed lowvigilance kangaroo rats (not exposed to a rattlesnake) in both reaction time and take-off velocity, and executed steeper jumps. Although our recordings were not adequate for detailed biomechanical quantification, reaction times of highvigilance kangaroo rats may be among the fastest recorded for mammals, with 36% of these individuals producing a visible response to attacks within no more than 8–17 ms and a group mean of 23.1 ms. This study demonstrates that behavioural state can have major effects on performance during predatory encounters. Therefore, under some conditions, laboratory studies of evasive anti-predator manoeuvres may underestimate performance in the wild.