Reference-Dependence Effects in Benefit Assessment: Beyond the WTA-WTP Dichotomy and WTA-WTP Ratios
Reference-Dependence Effects in Benefit Assessment: Beyond the WTA-WTP Dichotomy and WTA-WTP Ratios
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DOI：
10.1017/bca.2015.3
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Viscusi, W. Kip
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Viscusi, W. Kip
支付意愿(WTP)值和接受意愿(WTA)值受到了相当大的关注，但参照依赖效应的作用更为多样。涉及成本和风险的政策可能会对成本和风险产生参考点效应，从而导致四种潜在的估值措施。水质政策的实验证据表明，在这种情况下，成本参考效应特别有影响。然而，没有证据表明劳动力市场对统计寿命价值的估计有显著的参考效应。要正确应用WTP措施以外的其他惠益价值，需要有相关的经验证据，并评估参考依赖效应决定因素的基本合理性。
Willingness-to-pay (WTP) values and willingness-to-accept (WTA) values have received considerable attention, but the role of reference-dependence effects is more diverse. Policies involving cost and risk may have reference point effects with respect to both cost and risk, leading to four potential valuation measures. Experimental evidence for water quality policies suggests that the cost reference effects are particularly influential in that context. There is, however, no evidence of significant reference effects for labor market estimates of the value of a statistical life. Sound application of benefit values other than WTP measures requires pertinent empirical evidence and an assessment of the underlying rationality of the determinants of the reference-dependence effects.