The Participation of "Civil Society" in Regionalism and Peacebuilding in the Pacific Island Countries
The Participation of "Civil Society" in Regionalism and Peacebuilding in the Pacific Island Countries
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“民间社会”参与太平洋岛国地区主义与和平建设
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Y. Ogashiwa
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作者：
Y. Ogashiwa
自1980年代以来，作为太平洋岛屿论坛(下称论坛)成员的太平洋岛国不断发生武装冲突。特别是，连续发生的两次政变证明了该区域的政治不稳定，第一次政变发生在2000年5月，第二次政变发生在所罗门群岛。当时的情况被描述为“从‘民主的绿洲’到‘不稳定的弧线’”(Reilly和Wainwright，2005：125)。为了应对冲突，论坛在2000年10月举行的年度会议上通过了《比凯塔瓦宣言》，其中确定了论坛在该区域发生政治危机时应采取的指导原则和行动方针。根据《比凯塔瓦宣言》，论坛向所罗门群岛和斐济派出了选举观察团和知名人士小组。2003年7月，在所罗门群岛发起了第一次区域军事干预，随后设立了所罗门群岛区域援助团(RAMSI)。尽管局势已不再是武装战斗，但要否认冲突再次发生的可能性并不容易。也有可能在不同的地方爆发新的冲突。迄今为止，选举观察团和军事干预等短期和临时行动还不足以绕开新冲突的爆发。需要采取长期和结构性行动，如“民间社会”参与区域主义，以建立更持久和更稳定的和平。
Since the 1980s, armed conflict has continually occurred in the Pacific Island Countries which are the members of the Pacific Islands Forum (hereafter the Forum) . In particular, two consecutive coups, the first one in Fiji in May 2000 and the second one in Solomon Islands two weeks later, proved the political instability of the region. The situation was described as “from an ‘oasis of democracy’ to an ‘arc of instability’” (Reilly and Wainwright, 2005:125). In order to respond to the conflicts, the Forum adopted the Biketawa Declaration at its annual meeting in October 2000, which defined the guiding principles and courses of actions to be taken by the Forum in case of political crises in the region. Based on the Biketawa Declaration, the Forum sent the election observer missions and eminent persons groups to Solomon Islands and Fiji. In July 2003, the first regional military intervention was launched in Solomon Islands and was followed by the establishment of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) . Even though the situation has moved away from armed fighting, it is not easy to deny the possibility of the recurrence of conflict. It is also possible that a new conflict could break out in a different place. To date, short-term and ad hoc actions, such as election observer missions and military intervention, have not been enough to detour the outbreak of new conflict. Long-term and structural actions, like the participation of “civil society” in regionalism, are needed to build longer and more stable peace.
太平洋阵列
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