By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism
By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1102941
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发表时间：
2004-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
O'Reilly, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank, MJ;Seeberger, LC;O'Reilly, RC
我们在多大程度上能从决策的积极和消极结果中学习？神经调节剂多巴胺在这些强化学习过程中起着关键作用。帕金森病患者的基底神经节中的多巴胺已经耗尽，在需要从试错中学习的任务中受损。在这里，我们表明，使用两个认知程序学习任务，帕金森氏症患者关闭药物更好地学习，以避免选择，导致负面结果比他们在学习积极的结果。多巴胺药物逆转了这种偏见，使患者对积极的结果比消极的结果更敏感。这种模式是由我们基于生物学的计算模型预测的基底神经节-多巴胺在认知中的相互作用，它具有不同的途径，用于“Go”和“NoGo”反应，这些反应受到正强化和负强化的差异调节。
To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions? The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes. Patients with Parkinson's disease, who have depleted dopamine in the basal ganglia, are impaired in tasks that require learning from trial and error. Here, we show, using two cognitive procedural learning tasks, that Parkinson's patients off medication are better at learning to avoid choices that lead to negative outcomes than they are at learning from positive outcomes. Dopamine medication reverses this bias, making patients more sensitive to positive than negative outcomes. This pattern was predicted by our biologically based computational model of basal ganglia-dopamine interactions in cognition, which has separate pathways for "Go" and "NoGo" responses that are differentially modulated by positive and negative reinforcement.