From a Deficit of Democracy to a Technocratic Order: The Postcrisis Debate on Europe
From a Deficit of Democracy to a Technocratic Order: The Postcrisis Debate on Europe
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从民主赤字到技术官僚秩序：危机后的欧洲辩论
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Ignacio Sánchez
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作者：
Ignacio Sánchez
与欧洲联盟建设有关的民主合法性政治问题在危机期间发生了深刻变化。欧元区的生存对民主原则造成了巨大的损失。由于经济一体化的迫切需要，国家代议制民主遭到削弱。欧洲一体化的技术官僚因素（独立机构、对经济事务有约束力的规则）的范围急剧扩大。过去，技术官僚层面仅限于提高效率的政策;在危机期间，它已扩大到具有明显分配后果的问题（如债务国和债权国之间的调整负担）。由此产生的悖论是，在欧洲事务日益“政治化”的时代，欧盟的技术官僚偏见却使经济问题“非政治化”。本文回顾了近年来欧洲超国家经济一体化背景下关于技术官僚与民主之间紧张关系的争论。
The political problems of democratic legitimacy related to the construction of the European Union have mutated deeply during the crisis. The survival of the Eurozone has exacted a high toll on democratic principles. National representative democracy has been weakened due to the imperatives of economic integration. The technocratic elements of European integration (independent agencies, binding rules on economic matters) have expanded dramatically in scope. In the past, the technocratic dimension was circumscribed to efficiency-enhancing policies; during the crisis, it has been extended to issues with clear distributional consequences (such as the burden of adjustment between debtor and creditor countries). The resulting paradox is that in a time of growing “politicization” of European affairs, the technocratic bias of the European Union has “depoliticized” economic issues. This article reviews the recent debates about the tension between technocracy and democracy in the context of European supranational i...