Cognition in Context: The Role of Objective and Subjective Measures of Neighborhood and Household in Cognitive Functioning in Later Life
Cognition in Context: The Role of Objective and Subjective Measures of Neighborhood and Household in Cognitive Functioning in Later Life
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DOI：
10.1093/geront/gnx050
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Waite, Linda J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Haena;Waite, Linda J.
虽然场所对健康的作用并不新鲜，但人们对场所如何影响认知却知之甚少。通过调查社区和家庭这两个老年人的社会空间领域，我们探索了多个背景下健康和地点之间的联系。我们还区分了场所的客观和主观测量，并理清了它们与认知的不同关联。我们结合社区特征和犯罪数据，从国家社会生活、健康和老龄化项目(N=2260)中分析了场所对认知的影响。我们通过四种方式衡量Place：(A)社区的客观指标，如警方报告的犯罪率和采访者报告的街道混乱状况；(B)受访者对社区的看法(感知到的危险和社会凝聚力)；(C)家庭的客观条件(采访者关于凌乱、气味和凌乱的报告)；(4)感知的社会支持、紧张和家庭成员的威胁。MoCA-SA被用来评估认知功能。主观解释似乎比邻居或家庭的客观指标对认知有更直接的影响。当将这些生活环境放在一起考察时，我们发现邻居和认知之间的联系部分地被家庭环境的特征，特别是领悟到的社会支持所解释。我们发现，社会支持对女性的认知有缓冲作用，而对男性没有。晚年的生活环境是衰老的重要背景。就地老龄化干预应解决对就地的主观解释，以减少未来认知衰退的风险。
Although the role of place on health is not new, less is known about how place matters for cognition. By investigating both neighborhood and home as the sociospatial realms of older adults, we explore associations between health and place across multiple contexts. We also distinguish objective and subjective measures of place and disentangle their differential associations with cognition.We analyzed place effects on cognition from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2,260) linked to neighborhood characteristics and crime data. We measured place in four ways: (a) objective indicators of neighborhood such as police-reported crime rates and interviewer-reported on presence of disordered conditions on the streets; (b) perceptions of neighborhood by respondents (perceived danger and social cohesion); (c) objective conditions of home (interviewer's report on presence of clutters, odor, and messiness); (4) perceived social support, strain, and threat by household members. The MoCA-SA was used to assess cognitive functioning.Subjective interpretations appeared to have more direct effects on cognition than did objective indicators of neighborhood or home. When examining these living environments together, we found the association between neighborhood and cognition is partially explained by characteristics of home environment, especially perceived social support. We found a buffering effect of social support on cognition for women, not for men.Late life living environments are important contexts for aging. Aging-in-Place interventions should address subjective interpretations of place to reduce future risks of cognitive decline.