The performance of the muscles involved in spitting by the Archerfish Toxotes
The performance of the muscles involved in spitting by the Archerfish Toxotes
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射水鱼吐口水相关肌肉的表现
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Milburn;R. Alexander
箭鱼弓虫通过向空中昆虫吐口水将它们敲入水中。吐口水的过程被拍摄下来，口鳃腔的超压由初速估计为7.2 kN m−2。头部解剖显示，腭弓内收肌和颏舌骨肌最可能参与吐痰。根据对这些肌肉的测量，计算出在吐口水时，至少有210 kN m-2的应力作用在它们身上。此外，从计算中可以看出，这些肌肉必须以2.4-3.0肌肉长度秒-1的速度缩短，这在如此高的应力下似乎不太可能。可能涉及弹射机制。
The Archerfish Toxotes knocks aerial insects into the water by spitting at them. Spitting has been filmed and the excess pressure in the orobranchial cavity is estimated from the muzzle velocity as 7.2 kN m−2. A dissection of the head shows that the adductor arcus palatini and geniohyoideus are most likely to be involved in spitting. From measurements made of these muscles, it is calculated that stresses up to at least 210 kN m−2 must act in them during spitting. Further, it appears from the calculations that these muscles must shorten at rates of 2.4-3.0 muscle lengths sec−1, which seems unlikely at such high stresses. It is possible that a catapult mechanism may be involved.