CULTURE IN TREATMENT, CULTURE AS TREATMENT - A CRITICAL-APPRAISAL OF DEVELOPMENTS IN ADDICTIONS PROGRAMS FOR INDIGENOUS NORTH-AMERICANS AND AUSTRALIANS
CULTURE IN TREATMENT, CULTURE AS TREATMENT - A CRITICAL-APPRAISAL OF DEVELOPMENTS IN ADDICTIONS PROGRAMS FOR INDIGENOUS NORTH-AMERICANS AND AUSTRALIANS
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DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(95)00055-c
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
BRADY, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRADY, M
几年来，澳大利亚和北美的土著居民一直在成瘾领域创造创新的干预措施——将传统的治疗方法和文化价值融入西方的项目中——尽管这一过程在加拿大和美国比在澳大利亚更发达。在文化传播的过程中，澳大利亚土著居民吸收了许多来自加拿大土著治疗模式的思想。因此，澳大利亚土著正在推广采用匿名戒酒会12步治疗方法的住院治疗。本文考察了文化作为一种治疗形式的比较材料，并追溯了文化整体性可以作为药物和酒精滥用的预防甚至治愈剂的论点的基本原理。这是一个质的飞跃，从现在普遍接受的概念，治疗和康复土著人民应该是文化上适当的。然而，由于文化背景的某些方面可能助长吸毒和酗酒，而不是阻止吸毒和酗酒，因此，尝试这些综合办法的当地治疗主任面临某些困境。此外，北美印第安人拥有丰富的公共治疗技术遗产；有些方法（如蒸汗房）已被改编并纳入治疗青少年滥用溶剂和成年人滥用酒精的方法。另一方面，在澳大利亚，传统的治疗技术已经不太适合适应。在这两个大陆上，土著人民都没有试图调整最近的主流干预模式以适应他们的需要（例如短期干预），这种模式目前在成瘾研究和治疗方面受到国际关注。
Indigenous people in Australia and in North America have been creating innovative interventions in the addictions field for several years now-incorporating traditional healing practices and cultural values into otherwise western programs-although this process is more developed in Canada and the U.S. than it is in Australia. Through a process of cultural diffusion, Australian Aborigines have incorporated many ideas from Native Canadian treatment models. As a result, residential treatment utilizing adapted forms of the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous is being promoted by indigenous Australians. This paper examines comparative material on the uses of culture as a form of healing and traces the rationale for the argument that cultural wholeness can serve as a preventive, or even curing agent in drug and alcohol abuse. This is a qualitative leap from the now universally accepted notion that treatment and rehabilitation for native people should be culturally appropriate. There are, however, certain dilemmas confronting native treatment directors attempting these syncretic approaches, given aspects of cultural contexts which can serve to foster drug and alcohol use rather than discourage it. Additionally, North American Indians have at their disposal a rich heritage of communal healing techniques; some (such as the sweat lodge) have been adapted and incorporated into the treatment both of solvent abuse by adolescents, and alcohol abuse by adults. In Australia on the other hand, traditional healing techniques have been less amenable to adaptation. On neither continent are indigenous people attempting to adapt recent mainstream models of intervention to suit their needs (such as Brief Intervention) which is currently receiving international attention in addictions research and treatment.