Placeholder: technology and the senses
Placeholder: technology and the senses
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占位符：技术和感官
DOI：
10.1145/192593.192639
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rob Tow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rob Tow
PLACEHOLDER是一款IWOperson VR头盔，头盔由Virtual Research制造，为参与者提供视觉和听觉立体声。Wc在每一个tic头盔上增加了一个小麦克风来接收用户的声音。有两个物理空间，参与者戴着显示头盔和身体传感器。和三个虚拟世界，他们可以在其中独立移动。位置传感器（Polhemus“FastTraks”）跟踪用户头部的三维位置和方向。双手和躯干在大约十英尺的圆形舞台内。一个额外的传感器系统被雇用的“Grippecs”，dcsigrred的史蒂夫桑德斯的间隔。这些被放置在每只手上，并测量手的拇指和食指（或中指）之间的距离，随后开发人员开发了一个简单的虚拟物体“抓取”界面。PLACEHOLDER项目中使用了各种计算机。T？T？项目中使用的主要计算机是SGI Onyx Reali引擎，配备64 M主RAM和4 M tcxmre内存。h使用C和Unix编程，使用Minimal Reality Toolkit（由阿尔伯塔大学的Chris Shaw编写）作为主要的VR框架。约翰·哈里森。班夫中心的首席程序员，修改了最小现实工具包，从原来的一个人提供两个用户和每个用户两只手的支持。一个数据手套实例化。同样来自阿尔伯塔大学的Chris Shaw和Lloyd白色访问了两个用户，帮助他们协调代码。Banff Cerrtre的Glenn Fraser和Graham Lundgren以及Rob Tow在MR Toolkit的框架内提供了额外的编程支持。Rob Tow在tJre SGI上编写了C代码，用于管理音频gcnquerort和空间化。这与MR工具包中运行的视觉VR代码相协调，并通过NeXT工作站和配备SamplcCell音频处理卡的Macintosh II控制声音生成，WCII作为两台PC克隆的空间化器，两者都配备了两台foursource Crystal River Engineering卷积器。NeXT、Macintosh If和两台雅马哈的声音处理器都是由班夫中心的Dorota Blas 7 czak编程的，他还负责一般的音频设计和整合。多洛塔还设计了实时语音过滤器，它可以改变参与者的声音，以篡改生物的“智能服装”。两台SGI VGX电脑湿了！与建筑设计工具一起使用，以布局tfrc cnmcrts的几何形状，并将纹理应用于最终的线框;
Technology Overview PLACEHOLDER was a IWOperson VRs ystem, with helmets marrufacturcd by Virtual Research that provii.tcd both visual and auditory stereo [o the participants. Wc added a small m icrophonc to each of tic helmets to pick up the voices of the users. There were two physical spaces where the participants stood wearing display helmets and body sensors. and three virtual worlds through which they could independently move. Position sensors (Polhemus “FastTraks” ) tracked the 3-space position and orientation of the users’ heads. both hands. and torsos within a circular stage of about ten feet. An additional sensor system was employed-the “Grippecs,” dcsigrred by Steve Saunders of Interval. These were placed in each hand, and measured the distance bcrwccn the thumb and forefinger (or middle finger) of the hand, aflowing the developmerr[ of a simple “grasping” interface for virtual objects. A variety of computers were used in concert in the PLACEHOLDER project. T?re primary computer used in the project was an SGI Onyx Reali[y Engine, equipped with 64M of main ram and 4M of tcxmre memory. h was programmed in C and Unix, using the Minimal Reality Toolkit (authored by Chris Shaw of the University of Alberta), as the primary VR framework. John Harrison. the Banff Cenrrc’s chief programmer, moditicd the Minimal Reality toolkit to provide support for two users and two hands per user from its original one person. one dataglove instantiation. Chris Shaw and Lloyd White, also of the University of Alberta, visited to help with code coordinating support for two users. Glenn Fraser and Graham Lundgren of the Banff Cerrtre and Rob Tow provided additional programming support within the framework of the MR Toolkit. Rob Tow wrote the C code on tJre SGI which managed the audio gcncratiort and spatializatiwr. This was coordinated with the visual VR code running in the MR toolkit and controlled sound generation by a NeXT workstation and a Macintosh II equipped with a SamplcCell audio proccssirrg card, as WCIIas the spatializatiorr by two PC clones, both equipped with two foursource Crystal River Engineering Convolvotrons. The NeXT, the Macintosh If, and two Yamaha sound prwessors were programmed by Dorota Blas7czak of the Banff Ccntre, who was also responsible for the general audio design and in~gration. Dorota also designed the realtime voice filters which altered participants’ voices to malch the Critters’ “smart costumes”. Two SGI VGX computers wet-t!used with Alias architectural design tools to lay out tfrc cnvironmcrtts’ geometries and to apply textures to the resulting wireframes;