YAWNING
YAWNING
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DOI：
10.1136/jnnp.21.3.203
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发表时间：
1958-01-01
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
BARBIZET, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARBIZET, J
介于反射性动作和表达性动作之间的打哈欠是一种非常常见的现象。也许这就是为什么在当代生理学或心理学教科书上找不到有关这一主题的论文的原因，也只能满足于字典中“打哈欠是张开嘴自愿产生的深刻灵感”的简短定义。自希波克拉底以来，许多作者似乎都对这个问题感兴趣，他们要么研究了某些方面，要么研究了整个问题。关于打哈欠的过去知识的精彩历史调查可以在 Trautmann (1901) 的论文中找到，其中报道了 Galen、Oribase、Sanctorius、Fernel (1610)、Kruger (1627)、Sennert (1666)、Boerhave (1680)、Gartner (1736)、Albertini (1737)、Gunz (1738)、 Czerniewski (1749)、Buchner (1758)、Roederer (1759) Haller (1766)、Walther (1775) Double (1817)、Adelon (1821)、Rothmund (1824)、Richerand (1825)、Muller (1851)、Monneret (1861)、Longet (1868) 和德尚布尔和夏科。在二十世纪，更多的论文被撰写，其中包括 Hauptmann (1920)、Dumpert (1921)、Mayer (1921)、Insabato (1928)、Peiper (1932)、Moore (1942) 和 Salmon (1948)。 Heusner (1946) 和 Bouudouresques (1950) 发表了两篇很好的评论。动物学家并没有无动于衷，他们告诉我们，灵长类动物和食肉动物可能会打哈欠。它通常伴随着伸展运动。在食草动物中没有观察到这种现象。很难具体说明其重要性，以及打哈欠与在鱼类、爬行动物和两栖动物中观察到的张嘴运动之间的联系。鸟喙伴随翅膀拍打所做出的动作也可以这样说。因此，我们的研究仍将仅限于人类。
Halfway between a reflex and an expressive move-ment yawning is a very commonplace phenomenon. Perhaps this is the reason why one searches in vain for a paper on this subject in text-books of contemporary physiology or psychology and that one must be content with the brief definition in the dictionary that" yawning is a deep inspiration made voluntarily with a wide open mouth". Many authors since Hippocrates, who seems himself to have been interested in the question, have studied either certain aspects or the whole problem. An excellent historical survey of the past knowledge about yawning may be found in the thesis of Trautmann (1901), where are reported the opinions of Galen, Oribase, Sanctorius, Fernel (1610), Kruger (1627), Sennert (1666), Boerhave (1680), Gartner (1736), Albertini (1737), Gunz (1738), Czerniewski (1749), Buchner (1758), Roederer (1759) Haller (1766), Walther (1775) Double (1817), Adelon (1821), Rothmund (1824), Richerand (1825), Muller (1851), Monneret (1861), Longet (1868), and Dechambre and Charcot. In the twentieth century more papers have been written, among others by Hauptmann (1920), Dumpert (1921), Mayer (1921), Insabato (1928), Peiper (1932), Moore (1942), and Salmon (1948). Two good critical reviews are those by Heusner (1946) and Boudouresques (1950). The zoologists have not remained indifferent, and they teach us that yawning may be observed in the primates and the carnivores. It is often accompanied by stretching. It is not observed in herbivores. It is difficult to specify its significance, and the connexion between yawning and the movement of opening the mouth that may be observed in fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. Thesame may be said of the movements madeby the bird's beak accompanied by flapping of the wings. Therefore our study shall remain limited to man.