Source-filter theory of speech
Source-filter theory of speech
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言语源过滤理论
DOI：
10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.894
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Isao T. Tokuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Misaka Takashi;Herwan Jonny;Kano Seisuke;Sawada Hiroyuki;Furukawa Yoshiyuki;光谷和剛，山本佳士，園田潤，木本智幸;Yosuke Higuchi and Yoshimitsu Kuroki;Isao T. Tokuda
在源-过滤理论中，语音产生的机制被描述为一个两阶段的过程：(a)来自肺部的气流引起声带（即位于喉部的两个小肌肉褶皱）的组织振动，并产生“源”声音。在声门或声道处也会产生紊流，从而产生嘈杂的声源。(b)声道“过滤器”塑造了这些声源声音的频谱结构。通过滤波过程，声道共振对应的频率分量被放大，而其他频率分量被减弱。声源主要表征人声的音高（即基频），而滤波器则形成音色。源滤波器理论提供了一个非常准确的描述正常的语音产生，并已成功地应用于语音分析，合成和处理。声源（发声）和滤波器（发音）的分离控制有利于声学通信，特别是对于人类语言，这需要通过声道结构的灵活操作来实现各种音素的表达。基于这一观点，发音语音学关注于发声器官的位置来描述所产生的语音。
In the source-filter theory, the mechanism of speech production is described as a two-stage process:(a) The air flow coming from the lungs induces tissue vibrations of the vocal folds (ie, two small muscular folds located in the larynx) and generates the “source” sound. Turbulent airflows are also created at the glottis or at the vocal tract to generate noisy sound sources.(b) Spectral structures of these source sounds are shaped by the vocal tract “filter.” Through the filtering process, frequency components corresponding to the vocal tract resonances are amplified, while the other frequency components are diminished. The source sound mainly characterizes the vocal pitch (ie, fundamental frequency), while the filter forms the timbre. The source-filter theory provides a very accurate description of normal speech production and has been applied successfully to speech analysis, synthesis, and processing. Separate control of the source (phonation) and the filter (articulation) is advantageous for acoustic communications, especially for human language, which requires expression of various phonemes realized by a flexible maneuver of the vocal tract configuration. Based on this idea, the articulatory phonetics focuses on the positions of the vocal organs to describe the produced speech sounds.