Predator-induced plasticity in web-building behaviour
Predator-induced plasticity in web-building behaviour
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.011
复制
发表时间：
2004-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Daiqin Li;W. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daiqin Li;W. Lee
许多编织球网的蜘蛛在它们的蛛网中心增加了明显的丝质结构，称为稳定结构，这被认为是为了吸引更多的猎物。然而，它们也可能吸引捕食者。因此，圆球蜘蛛应该改变它们的建网行为，以将捕食风险降至最低。我们通过实验检测了圣安德鲁十字蜘蛛Argiope versicolor对其天敌之一--跳蛛Portia Labiata的捕食风险的建网反应，从而验证了这一假设。我们随机将杂色斑潜蝇幼虫分成三个处理：(1)空白对照(干净的吸墨纸：没有捕食者或非捕食者的气味)；(2)来自唇形虫的捕食者气味线索；(3)非捕食者对照(来自Leucauge decata的气味线索)。对每一个杂色夜蛾个体进行监测，直到它建立了五个连续的网(在引入捕食者线索之前有两个网，在引入捕食者线索之后有三个网)。与空白对照和非捕食者对照相比，当暴露于捕食者线索时，幼虫不仅稳定器的建立频率降低，而且不增加稳定器面积、捕获面积和随后的蛛网捕获丝线。然而，空白对照和非捕食者对照的网络构建特征没有显著差异。一种看似合理的解释是，杂色斑潜蝇幼虫可以通过嗅觉线索检测和区分捕食者和非捕食者，并改变稳定器的构建和其他网络特征，以应对捕食的风险。这是第一次展示由捕食者的化学线索诱导的适应性塑料网络构建行为反应。
Many orb-web weaving spiders add conspicuous silken structures, called stabilimenta, to the hub of their webs, which are hypothesized to attract more prey. However, they may also attract predators. Orb spiders should therefore alter their web-building behaviour to minimize predation risk. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally examining web-building responses of the St Andrew cross spider, Argiope versicolor, to predation risk from one of its natural predators, the jumping spider Portia labiata. We randomly assigned A. versicolor juveniles to one of three treatments: (1) blank control (clean blotting paper: no odour from the predator or nonpredator); (2) predator odour cues from P. labiata; and (3) nonpredator control (odour cues from Leucauge decorata). Each individual of A. versicolor was monitored until it had built five consecutive webs (two webs before and three webs after the introduction of predator cues). When exposed to predator cues, the juveniles not only decreased the frequency of stabilimentum building but also refrained from increasing stabilimentum area, capture area and capture silk thread with subsequent webs compared with the blank control and the nonpredator control. Web-building traits, however, were not significantly different between the blank control and the nonpredator control. One plausible explanation is that A. versicolor juveniles can detect and discriminate between predators and nonpredators through olfactory cues and alter stabilimentum building and other web traits in response to the risk of predation. This is the first demonstration of an adaptive, plastic web-building behavioural response induced by chemical cues from a predator.