Agricultural pastures challenge the attractiveness of natural saltmarsh for a migratory goose
Agricultural pastures challenge the attractiveness of natural saltmarsh for a migratory goose
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13168
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Nolet, Bart A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dokter, Adriaan M.;Fokkema, Wimke;Nolet, Bart A.
1. 大规模的土地转变和化肥使用极大地改变了草食性长途迁徙的可用中转区域。这些鸟类不再依赖自然土地，而是越来越依赖牧场作为迁徙燃料和中途停留，这往往与耕作方式相冲突。为了预测和管理鸟类未来栖息地的利用，需要了解自然（例如盐沼、潮间带）与人为觅食集结地的相对优势和劣势。2．我们比较了春季布伦特鹅在盐沼和牧场上的迁徙情况。在同一季节的附近地点对食物质量（氮和纤维含量）、对抗行为和体重进行了量化。使用高分辨率 GPS 和加速计对个体进行跟踪，以比较迁移时间和加油期间的时间预算。3。与盐沼相比，牧场上的鸟类休息得更多，采食率更高，食物质量相似或更好，并且拮抗相互作用减少。4。与使用盐沼的布伦特鹅相比，使用施肥草原的布伦特鹅提前了它们的燃料和迁徙时间表。牧鸟达到体重较早，离开较早，到达北极较早。5．白天，盐沼鸟类经常光顾潮间带泥滩，那里的食物（藻类、一些海草）比陆地资源质量更高。潮间带资源的可用性是平衡牧场相对于盐沼更为有利的条件的一个重要因素。6。合成与应用。传统盐沼上较长的觅食时间、更多的对抗性相互作用和延迟的补充燃料时间表的缺点可能会导致鹅为了牧场而交换这个传统的生态位，特别是在需要提前迁徙时间表的气候变暖的情况下。然而，由于其高质量，潮间带饲料可以补充陆地饲料，可能消除栖息地转向牧场的动机。相对较高质量的绿藻和海草，以及鸟类对这些资源的显着偏爱，为管理者创造能够维持这种专家的潮间生活方式的景观提供了关键。为了保持自然栖息地对聚集鹅的吸引力，并防止与耕作方式发生冲突，管理行动应侧重于盐沼特别是潮间带栖息地的保护和恢复。
1. Broad-scale land conversions and fertilizer use have dramatically altered the available staging area for herbivorous long-distance migrants. Instead of natural land, these birds rely increasingly on pastures for migratory fuelling and stopover, often conflicting with farming practices. To predict and manage birds' future habitat use, the relative advantages and disadvantages of natural (e.g. saltmarsh, intertidal) versus anthropogenic staging sites for foraging need to be understood.2. We compared the migratory staging of brent geese on saltmarsh and pasture sites in spring. Food quality (nitrogen and fibre content), antagonistic behaviour, and body weight were quantified at nearby sites in simultaneous seasons. Individuals were tracked with high-resolution GPS and accelerometers to compare timing of migration and time budgets during fuelling.3. On pastures, birds rested more and experienced higher ingestion rates, similar or superior food quality and reduced antagonistic interactions than on saltmarsh.4. Brent geese using fertilized grasslands advanced their fuelling and migration schedules compared to those using saltmarsh. Pasture birds reached heavy weights earlier, departed sooner, and arrived in the Arctic earlier.5. Intertidal mudflats were frequently visited by saltmarsh birds during the day, and available food there (algae, some seagrass) was of higher quality than terrestrial resources. Availability of intertidal resources was an important factor balancing the otherwise more favourable conditions on pastures relative to saltmarsh.6. Synthesis and applications. Disadvantages of longer foraging effort, more antagonistic interactions and delayed fuelling schedules on traditional saltmarshes may cause geese to exchange this traditional niche in favour of pastures, especially in a warming climate that requires advancement of migratory schedules. However, due to its high quality, intertidal forage can complement terrestrial foraging, potentially removing the incentive for habitat switches to pastures. The relatively high quality of green algae and seagrass, and birds' remarkable preference for these resources when available, provides a key for managers to create landscapes that can sustain this specialist's intertidal lifestyle. To keep natural habitats attractive to staging geese with the purpose of preventing conflicts with farming practices, management actions should focus on conservation and restoration of saltmarsh and especially intertidal habitat.