Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid to Chironomus tentans
Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid to Chironomus tentans
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DOI：
10.1897/03-449
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发表时间：
2004-09
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
M. M. Macdonald-M.;Amanda L. Warne;N. Stock;S. Mabury;K. Solomon;P. Sibley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. M. Macdonald-M.;Amanda L. Warne;N. Stock;S. Mabury;K. Solomon;P. Sibley
研究了全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）两种全氟表面活性剂对摇蚊（Chironomus tentans）的毒性。这项实验室研究的动力来自于10天的现场评估，其中C。藤壶暴露于浓度为300至30，000微克/升的全氟辛烷磺酸。没有一只蠓能在这些暴露中存活。在全氟辛烷磺酸标称浓度为0.1至100，000微克/升的条件下，对吸浆虫进行了为期10天的初步急性实验室试验，结果显示吸浆虫在存活（半数致死浓度[LC 50]，45.2微克/升）和生长（半数有效浓度[EC 50]，27.4微克/升）方面具有相似的毒性。使用PFOA的平行测试表明对生存或生长没有显着影响。在全氟辛烷磺酸浓度范围为1至150微克/升的情况下进行的10天确定性测定得出的生长半数有效浓度（87.2 ± 11.6微克/升）与初步结果相同。然而，对于存活率而言，情况并非如此，LC 50超出了试验浓度范围。为了进一步探讨C.为了将tentans转化为PFOS，我们使用1至100 μg/L的标称浓度范围进行了长期生命周期测试。四个测量的终点中的三个-生存，生长和出现-受到显著影响，EC 50值分别为92.2 ± 3.1，93.8 ± 2.6和94.5 ± 3.2 μg/L。雌性出现时的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度不会影响生殖。本研究结果表明，C. tentans比其他水生生物报告的浓度低三个数量级，但目前比水生环境中通常观察到的浓度高大约两个数量级。
Two perfluorinated surfactants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were evaluated for their toxicity to the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans. Impetus for this laboratory study originated from a 10‐d, in situ field assessment in which C. tentans was exposed to PFOS at concentrations ranging from 300 to 30,000 μg/L. No midges survived these exposures. Midge survival in a preliminary, acute 10‐d laboratory test with nominal PFOS concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100,000 μg/L showed similar toxicity with respect to survival (median lethal concentration [LC50], 45.2 μg/L) and growth (median effective concentration [EC50], 27.4 μg/L). A parallel test using PFOA indicated no significant impacts on survival or growth. A definitive 10‐d assay with PFOS concentrations ranging from 1 to 150 μg/L produced an EC50 for growth (87.2 ± 11.6 μg/L) of the same order of magnitude as that in the preliminary findings. The same was not true for survival, however, with the LC50 falling outside the range of test concentrations. To further investigate the sensitivity of C. tentans to PFOS, we conducted a chronic life‐cycle test using a nominal concentration range of 1 to 100 μg/L. Three of the four endpoints measured—survival, growth, and emergence—were significantly affected, with EC50 values of 92.2 ± 3.1, 93.8 ± 2.6, and 94.5 ± 3.2 μg/L, respectively. Reproduction was not affected by those PFOS concentrations at which females emerged. The results of the present study indicate that PFOS toxicity thresholds for C. tentans are as much as three orders of magnitude lower than those reported for other aquatic organisms but, at present, are approximately two orders of magnitude higher than those concentrations typically observed in aquatic environments.