Phylogenetic host specificity and understanding parasite sharing in primates
Phylogenetic host specificity and understanding parasite sharing in primates
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01858.x
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Nunn, Charles L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper, Natalie;Griffin, Randi;Nunn, Charles L.
了解寄生虫如何传播给新物种对人类健康，农业和保护至关重要。然而，目前还不清楚为什么有些寄生虫是由许多物种共享的，而另一些寄生虫只有一个宿主。使用一种新的系统发育宿主特异性的措施，我们发现，大多数灵长类寄生虫与一个以上的主机是系统发育的通才，感染密切相关的灵长类动物比预期的。进化模型表明，系统发育的主机generalism是由一个混合物的hostparasite cospeciation和较低的寄生虫灭绝率。我们还表明，在大多数分析中，系统发育相关性是重要的，但未能充分解释灵长类动物之间的寄生虫共享模式。宿主生态和地理分布成为影响宿主之间接触以促进共享的关键因素。因此，更好地了解这些因素对于提高我们预测未来传染病风险的能力至关重要。
Understanding how parasites are transmitted to new species is of great importance for human health, agriculture and conservation. However, it is still unclear why some parasites are shared by many species, while others have only one host. Using a new measure of phylogenetic host specificity, we find that most primate parasites with more than one host are phylogenetic generalists, infecting less closely related primates than expected. Evolutionary models suggest that phylogenetic host generalism is driven by a mixture of hostparasite cospeciation and lower rates of parasite extinction. We also show that phylogenetic relatedness is important in most analyses, but fails to fully explain patterns of parasite sharing among primates. Host ecology and geographical distribution emerged as key additional factors that influence contacts among hosts to facilitate sharing. Greater understanding of these factors is therefore crucial to improve our ability to predict future infectious disease risks.