Engaging Colonial Entanglements: “Treatment as a State” Policy for Indigenous Water Co-Governance
Engaging Colonial Entanglements: “Treatment as a State” Policy for Indigenous Water Co-Governance
复制标题
卷入殖民纠葛：土著水资源共同治理的“国家待遇”政策
DOI：
10.1162/glep_a_00517
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
K. Bakker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Diver;Daniela Ahrens;Talia Arbit;K. Bakker
在美国，作为一个州的待遇（TAS）规定使符合条件的美洲土著部落能够在制定和执行水质标准（WQS）方面承担与州政府相同的责任。随着1987年美国《清洁水法》（CWA）修正案引入TAS，44个美国部落制定了TAS部落标准，这些标准可能比邻国更严格;可以纳入文化和/或仪式用途;并可以用来影响来自上游的污染水平，保留区外的用户。为了评估TAS作为土著水共同治理的模式，我们研究了美洲原住民部落如何通过TAS推进部落主权和环境可持续性，我们参与了关于土著自决是否以及如何通过现有的官僚和殖民治理体系推进的相互矛盾的观点。我们专门分析环境污染物清单部落水质标准的44个TAS部落。研究结果表明，TAS部落正在创造更多的文化相关的WQS，这是典型的全面，往往比，类似的国家法规更严格。部落的标准是多种多样的，TAS部落可以独立于邻国和彼此制定标准。进一步的分析揭示了TAS政策的复杂性，即殖民地的纠缠既促进又限制了土著自决的加强。
In the United States, treatment as a state (TAS) provisions enable eligible Native American tribes to assume the same responsibilities as state governments in setting and implementing water quality standards (WQSs). Following the introduction of TAS through 1987 amendments to the US Clean Water Act (CWA), forty-four US tribes have enacted TAS tribal standards, which may be more stringent than those of neighboring states; can incorporate cultural and/or ceremonial uses; and can be used to influence pollution levels coming from upstream, off-reservation users. To evaluate TAS as a model for Indigenous water co-governance, we examine how Native American tribes are advancing tribal sovereignty and environmental sustainability through TAS, and we engage with conflicting views on whether and how Indigenous self-determination can be advanced through existing bureaucratic and colonial governance systems. We specifically analyze environmental pollutant listings in tribal water quality standards for the forty-four TAS tribes. Findings suggest that TAS tribes are creating more culturally relevant WQSs, which are typically as comprehensive as, and often more stringent than, analogous state regulations. Tribal standards are diverse, and TAS tribes can set standards independently from neighboring states and one another. Further analysis reveals the complexities of TAS policy, whereby colonial entanglements both enable and constrain enhanced Indigenous self-determination.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Walker, Ryan;Jojola, Ted
通讯作者：
Jojola, Ted
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Conroy-Ben, O.;Richard, R.
通讯作者：
Richard, R.
捍卫固有权利：原住民领导的行动主义在保护圣水和生活方式方面的作用
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Norman, Emma S.
通讯作者：
Norman, Emma S.