Toward quantifying the response of the oceans' biological pump to climate change
Toward quantifying the response of the oceans' biological pump to climate change
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2015.00077
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Boyd, Philip W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyd, Philip W.
生物泵为海洋内部富碳颗粒的封存做出了重大的全球贡献。该泵具有从物理学到生态学的许多组成部分，这些组成部分共同控制其输出颗粒的效率。因此，气候变化对水泵的功能和大小的影响可能是复杂和非线性的。在这里，我采用了一个已发布的1-D耦合表面-地下颗粒有机碳（POC）输出通量模型，系统地探讨了在表面和地下沃茨中，海洋条件变化对每个泵的“移动部件”的潜在影响。这些模拟运行典型的高（高营养低叶绿素，HNLC）和低（低营养低叶绿素，LNLC）纬度的网站。接下来，我耦合泵组件，有共同的驱动程序，如温度，调查更复杂的情况下，涉及并发气候变化介导的多个“运动部件”的泵的改变。模型模拟显示，在表层海洋中，藻类群落结构的变化（即，向小细胞的转移）在未来几十年中对向下的POC通量具有最大的个体影响（减少的通量）。在次表层沃茨，浮游动物群落结构的变化对未来海洋中POC通量（减少）的影响最大。更复杂的处理，其中多达10个单独的因素（在表面和地下过程）同时改变，类似于在高纬度和低纬度的POC通量减半。在一般情况下，气候介导的变化，表面海洋过程有一个更大的影响POC通量的大小比改变地下过程，其中一些相互否定。这个相对简单的一维模型提供了对可能改变该泵未来性能的最有影响力的过程的初步见解，更重要的是揭示了许多知识差距，在我们能够准确量化生物泵的未来变化之前，这些知识差距需要迫切关注。
The biological pump makes a major global contribution to the sequestration of carbon-rich particles in the oceans' interior. This pump has many component parts from physics to ecology that together control its efficiency in exporting particles. Hence, the influence of climate change on the functioning and magnitude of the pump is likely to be complex and non-linear. Here, I employ a published 1-D coupled surface-subsurface Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) export flux model to systematically explore the potential influence of changing oceanic conditions on each of the pump's "moving parts," in both surface and subsurface waters. These simulations were run for typical high (High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll, HNLC) and low (Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll, LNLC) latitude sites. Next, I couple pump components that have common drivers, such as temperature, to investigate more complex scenarios involving concurrent climate-change mediated alteration of multiple "moving parts" of the pump. Model simulations reveal that in the surface ocean, changes to algal community structure (i.e., a shift toward small cells) has the greatest individual influence (decreased flux) on downward POC flux in the coming decades. In subsurface waters, a shift in zooplankton community structure has the greatest single effect on POC flux (decreased) in a future ocean. More complex treatments, in which up to 10 individual factors (across both surface and subsurface processes) were concurrently altered, similar to halved the POC flux at both high and low latitudes. In general climate-mediated changes to surface ocean processes had a greater effect on the magnitude of POC flux than alteration of subsurface processes, some of which negated one another. This relatively simple 1-D model provides initial insights into the most influential processes that may alter the future performance of this pump, and more importantly reveals many knowledge gaps that require urgent attention before we can accurately quantify future changes to the biological pump.