PHYTOTOXICITY AND PERSISTENCE OF CHLORSULFURON, METSULFURONMETHYL, TRIASULFURON AND TRIBENURON-METHYL IN 3 SOILS
PHYTOTOXICITY AND PERSISTENCE OF CHLORSULFURON, METSULFURONMETHYL, TRIASULFURON AND TRIBENURON-METHYL IN 3 SOILS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01951.x
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
SFICAS, AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KOTOULASYKA, E;ELEFTHEROHORINOS, IG;SFICAS, AG
基于玉米（Zea mays L.）的根生长的生物测定程序，向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.），小扁豆（透镜可食用豆M.）和甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）研究了氯磺隆、苯磺隆、醚苯磺隆和甲磺隆4种除草剂的药害和持效性随浓度和土壤类型的变化。所有的生物测定表明，所有除草剂的植物毒性不受土壤质地，但随着除草剂浓度和土壤pH值的增加而增加。绿磺隆和甲磺隆-甲基表现出最高的植物毒性，苯磺隆-甲基最低的;醚苯磺隆表示中间植物毒性。甜菜被认为是最敏感的作物，所有四种除草剂，而玉米和向日葵是最少的，小扁豆显示中间敏感性。药害与除草剂浓度的关系可用二次方程描述。在田间持效性方面，除苯磺隆在桑迪粘壤土中的持效性和淋失性很低外，其余除草剂在土壤中的持效性和淋失性均随施用量的增加而增加。在桑迪壤土上施用除草剂8个月后播种的向日葵、扁豆和甜菜不受苯磺隆的影响，但受到所有其他除草剂处理的伤害。这三种作物和向日葵同时播种在桑迪粘壤土和粉质粘壤土，分别不受任何治疗，而扁豆和甜菜受到伤害的绿磺隆在粉质粘壤土。
Bioassay procedures, based on the root growth of maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), lentil (Lens esculenta M.) and sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were used to study the phytotoxicity and persistence of the herbicides chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl as affected by concentration and soil type. All bioassays indicated that phytotoxicity of all herbicides was not affected by soil texture but was increased with increasing herbicide concentration and soil pH. Chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl showed the highest phytotoxicity, and tribenuron-methyl the lowest; triasulfuron indicated intermediate phytoxicity. Sugar-beet was found to be the most sensitive crop to all four herbicides, while maize and sunflower were the least; lentil showed intermediate sensitivity. The relationship between phytotoxicity and herbicide concentration was best described by a quadratic equation. Concerning field persistence, the results indicated that persistence and leaching of all herbicides in all soils increased with increasing rate of application, except for tribenuron-methyl in the sandy clay loam soil where they were very low. Sunflower, lentil and sugar-beet sown 8 months after herbicide application in the sandy loam soil were not affected by tribenuron-methyl, but were injured by all the other herbicide treatments. These three crops and sunflower sown at the same time in the sandy clay loam and silty clay loam soils, respectively, were not affected by any treatment while lentil and sugar-beet were injured by chlorsulfuron in the silty clay loam soil only.