Stimulus Pauses and Perturbations Differentially Delay or Promote the Segregation of Auditory Objects: Psychoacoustics and Modeling.
Stimulus Pauses and Perturbations Differentially Delay or Promote the Segregation of Auditory Objects: Psychoacoustics and Modeling.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2017.00198
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Rinzel J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rankin J;Osborn Popp PJ;Rinzel J
分离不同的声源是听觉感知的基础，就像鸡尾酒会的问题一样。在一个称为流分离建立的过程中，最初感知到的集成的不同声源可以在几秒钟后被分离成单独的流。先前的研究得出结论，在建立过程中，传入声音的突然变化--例如，位置、响度或时间的阶段性变化--会将感知重置为整合。在此重置之后，多秒累积过程再次开始。听觉皮质(A1)的神经生理学记录显示出快速(亚秒)适应，但对偏向整合、多秒累积和重置的统一机制解释仍然难以捉摸。结合心理声学和建模，我们表明，最初的未适应A1反应偏向整合，积累的缓慢自然地源于下游的竞争，适应的恢复可以解释重置。早期对初级皮层阶段产生的整合知觉解释的偏见也可以解释视觉中的类似现象。初级皮层阶段编码低水平特征，并提供给下游的竞争。此外，我们报告了一类以前被忽视的扰动，它们促进了隔离而不是融合。我们的结果挑战了目前对扰动对声源分离出现的影响的理解，导致了A1下游差异处理的新假说。瞬时扰动可以暂时将A1响应作为输入重定向到有利于分离的下游竞争单位。
Segregating distinct sound sources is fundamental for auditory perception, as in the cocktail party problem. In a process called the build-up of stream segregation, distinct sound sources that are perceptually integrated initially can be segregated into separate streams after several seconds. Previous research concluded that abrupt changes in the incoming sounds during build-up—for example, a step change in location, loudness or timing—reset the percept to integrated. Following this reset, the multisecond build-up process begins again. Neurophysiological recordings in auditory cortex (A1) show fast (subsecond) adaptation, but unified mechanistic explanations for the bias toward integration, multisecond build-up and resets remain elusive. Combining psychoacoustics and modeling, we show that initial unadapted A1 responses bias integration, that the slowness of build-up arises naturally from competition downstream, and that recovery of adaptation can explain resets. An early bias toward integrated perceptual interpretations arising from primary cortical stages that encode low-level features and feed into competition downstream could also explain similar phenomena in vision. Further, we report a previously overlooked class of perturbations that promote segregation rather than integration. Our results challenge current understanding for perturbation effects on the emergence of sound source segregation, leading to a new hypothesis for differential processing downstream of A1. Transient perturbations can momentarily redirect A1 responses as input to downstream competition units that favor segregation.