Ancestral Asian source(s) of New World Y-chromosome founder haplotypes
Ancestral Asian source(s) of New World Y-chromosome founder haplotypes
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DOI：
10.1086/302282
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Hammer, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karafet, TM;Zegura, SL;Hammer, MF
由y染色体标记构建的单倍型被用来追踪美洲原住民的起源。我们的样本由来自全球60个人群的2198名男性组成，其中包括19名美洲原住民和15名北亚原住民。一组12个双等位基因多态性产生了14个独特的y染色体单倍型，这些单倍型在群体中分布不均匀。将两个y连锁微卫星（DYS19和DXYS156Y）上的多等位基因变异与独特的单倍型结合，共得到95个组合单倍型。与先前基于Y染色体数据的发现相反，我们的新结果表明可能不止一个美洲原住民父亲的创始单倍型。我们假设，在美洲原住民中发现的9种独特的单倍型中，单倍型1C和1F是新世界主要创始单倍型的最佳候选，而单倍型1B、1I和1U可能是创始单倍型，或者是通过最近的混合到达新大陆的。其他四种单倍型中的两种（YAP（+）单倍型4和5）可能是由于后哥伦布时期的混合而存在的，而单倍型1G可能起源于新大陆，而最终的新世界单倍型（1D）的旧大陆来源仍未确定。亚洲和新大陆的两种主要候选创始单倍型的分布模式对比，以及巢式进化分析的结果，表明可能有不止一次的父系迁徙，从贝加尔湖一般地区到美洲。
Haplotypes constructed from Y-chromosome markers were used to trace the origins of Native Americans. Our sample consisted of 2,198 males from 60 global populations, including 19 Native American and 15 indigenous North Asian groups. A set of 12 biallelic polymorphisms gave rise to 14 unique Y-chromosome haplotypes that were unevenly distributed among the populations. Combining multiallelic variation at two Y-linked microsatellites (DYS19 and DXYS156Y) with the unique haplotypes results in a total of 95 combination haplotypes. Contra previous findings based on Y- chromosome data, our new results suggest the possibility of more than one Native American paternal founder haplotype. We postulate that, of the nine unique haplotypes found in Native Americans, haplotypes 1C and 1F are the best candidates for major New World founder haplotypes, whereas haplotypes 1B, 1I, and 1U may either be founder haplotypes and/or have arrived in the New World via recent admixture. Two of the other four haplotypes (YAP(+) haplotypes 4 and 5) are probably present because of post-Columbian admixture, whereas haplotype 1G may have originated in the New World, and the Old World source of the final New World haplotype (1D) remains unresolved. The contrasting distribution patterns of the two major candidate founder haplotypes in Asia and the New World, as well as the results of a nested cladistic analysis, suggest the possibility of more than one paternal migration from the general region of Lake Baikal to the Americas.