Diversity and Ecology of Thraustochytrid Protists in the Marine Environment
Diversity and Ecology of Thraustochytrid Protists in the Marine Environment
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DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_13
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Nakai;T. Naganuma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nakai;T. Naganuma
破囊壶菌是异养的河口/海洋原生生物，属于层囊菌谱系中的Labelophthulomycetes纲。破囊壶菌原生生物一直被忽视的微生物食物链的代理人，然而，他们出现在海水，沉积物，藻类和动物组织中的检测量。它们能够通过胞外酶降解多种有机底物，包括难降解底物。它们的广泛分布和降解能力显示了它们作为分解者的生态意义。特别是，破囊壶菌可能生长在河流输入的陆地难降解物质上，并在河口和沿海地区发挥促进碳循环的作用。此外，它们产生大量的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），如二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十二碳五烯酸（DPA），这是海洋动物必需的脂肪酸。此外，一些成员被认为是海洋软体动物的病原体。这些独特的特征意味着破囊壶菌原生生物在海洋环境中发挥着重要作用。
Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic estuarine/marine protists belonging to the class Labyrinthulomycetes within the stramenopile lineage. Thraustochytrid protists have been a neglected agent of the microbial food chain; however, they occur in detectable amounts in seawater, sediment, and algal and animal tissues. They have the ability to degrade a wide variety of organic substrates, including refractory substrates, by means of extracellular enzymes. Their wide distribution and degradation capability exhibit their ecological significance as decomposers. In particular, thraustochytrids may grow on terrestrial refractory matter in riverine input, and play a role in enhancing carbon cycling in estuarine and coastal areas. Additionally, they produce high amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which are essential fatty acids for marine animals. Furthermore, some members are known to be pathogens of marine mollusks. These distinctive characteristics mean that thraustochytrid protists play a number of important roles in marine environments.