Assessing the evidence for latitudinal gradients in plant defence and herbivory
Assessing the evidence for latitudinal gradients in plant defence and herbivory
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01814.x
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Foley, William J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moles, Angela T.;Bonser, Stephen P.;Foley, William J.
P>1。生物相互作用，包括食草动物、捕食和竞争在低纬度更为激烈，这一观点已被广泛接受，并成为关于生物多样性纬度梯度的几个主要理论的基础。目前的理论还预测，低纬度地区强烈的生物相互作用将选择植物，以更好地抵御食草动物。我们回顾了文献，以评估支持和反对以下假设的证据：食草动物在低纬度更强烈，低纬度的植物比高纬度的植物更好地防御。只有37%的38个纬度比较草食动物在低纬度表现出较高的草食动物，在荟萃分析的平均效应大小是没有显着差异的零。因此，现有的数据并不支持食草动物在热带地区通常更强烈的想法。在56项比较中，只有9项发现低纬度地区的化学防御能力较高，一项荟萃分析表明，总体而言，高纬度地区的植物的化学防御能力明显较高。这一结果与许多文献的预测相反。荟萃分析显示纬度对身体防御没有显著影响.对饲养试验和普通花园试验的文献回顾表明，食草动物倾向于喜欢高纬度的组织。这种趋势可能源于文献中使用的指标没有捕捉到的整体防御的差异，但也可能是营养质量的差异造成的。经验数据并不支持普遍认为，草食动物一般是更激烈的低纬度地区，或植物从低纬度地区通常是更好的防御比植物从高纬度地区。这些结果与关于这一主题的流行思想相反，并表明这一领域可能已经成熟，可以发展新的理论。
P>1. The idea that biotic interactions, including herbivory, predation and competition are more intense at lower latitudes is widely accepted and underpins several dominant theories on the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity. Current theory also predicts that the intense biotic interactions at low latitudes will select plants for greater defence against herbivores. We reviewed the literature to provide an assessment of the evidence for and against the hypothesis that herbivory is more intense at lower latitudes, and that plants from low latitudes are better defended than are plants from high latitudes.2. Only 37% of the 38 latitudinal comparisons of herbivory showed higher herbivory at lower latitudes, and the average effect size in a meta-analysis was not significantly different from zero. Thus, the available data do not support the idea that herbivory is generally more intense in the tropics.3. Only nine of 56 comparisons found higher chemical defences at lower latitudes, and a meta-analysis showed that overall, chemical defences were significantly higher in plants from higher latitudes. This result is counter to the predictions of much of the literature.4. A meta-analysis showed no significant effect of latitude on physical defence.5. A review of the literature on feeding trials and common garden experiments showed that herbivores tend to prefer tissue from high latitudes. This trend could stem from differences in overall defence that were not captured by the metrics used in the literature, but could also result from differences in nutritional quality.6. The empirical data do not support the widespread view that herbivory is generally more intense at lower latitudes, or that plants from low latitudes are generally better defended than are plants from higher latitudes. These results are counter to the prevailing thought on this topic, and suggest that this field may be ripe for the development of new theory.