Role of endometriosis in cancer and tumor development
Role of endometriosis in cancer and tumor development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02788.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Swiersz, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Swiersz, LM
子宫内膜异位症和癌症一样，以细胞侵袭和不受限制的生长为特征。此外，子宫内膜异位症和癌症在其他方面也有相似之处，例如新血管的发育和细胞凋亡数量的减少。尽管有这些相似之处，子宫内膜异位症并不被认为是一种恶性疾病。然而，自1925年以来，关于子宫内膜异位症可能转化为癌症的可能性一直在文献中争论。编码代谢和解毒酶的基因突变，如GALT和GSTM，已被认为与子宫内膜异位症的发病机制和卵巢癌的进展有关。PTEN是一种肿瘤抑制基因，在子宫内膜癌中常见突变(50%)，在卵巢子宫内膜样癌中发现突变，但在其他形式的卵巢癌中未发现突变。最近的一项研究表明，PTEN基因的体细胞突变在20%的子宫内膜样癌和20.6%的孤立子宫内膜囊肿中被发现，这表明PTEN抑癌基因的失活是卵巢子宫内膜样癌发生发展的早期事件。除了子宫内膜异位症部位的癌变外，最近的证据表明，患有子宫内膜异位症本身可能会增加妇女患非霍奇金淋巴瘤、恶性黑色素瘤和乳腺癌的风险。
Endometriosis, like cancer, is characterized by cell invasion and unrestrained growth. Furthermore, endometriosis and cancer are similar in other aspects, such as the development of new blood vessels and a decrease in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. In spite of these similarities, endometriosis is not considered a malignant disorder. The possibility that endometriosis could, however, transform and become cancer has been debated in the literature since 1925. Mutations in the genes that encode for metabolic and detoxification enzymes, such as GALT and GSTM, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and in the progression to carcinoma of the ovary. PTEN, a tumor suppressor commonly mutated (50%) in endometrial carcinoma, is found mutated in endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, but not in other forms of ovarian cancer. A recent study has shown that somatic mutations in the PTEN gene were identified in 20% of endometrioid carcinomas and 20.6% of solitary endometrial cysts, suggesting that inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is an early event in the development of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. In addition to cancerous transformation at the site of endometriosis, there is recent evidence to indicate that having endometriosis itself may increase a woman's risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and breast cancer.