The role of subsurface runoff through bedrock on storm flow generation
The role of subsurface runoff through bedrock on storm flow generation
复制标题
穿过基岩的地下径流对暴雨流产生的作用
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.234
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Onda;Y. Komatsu;M. Tsujimura;Jun
在日本的两个地区的基岩地下水流暴雨径流的影响进行了调查，在日本的三个基岩类型。其中一个区域位于日本中部的日本阿尔卑斯山，地形起伏约2500 m（在一个区域内），研究了花岗岩和中生代页岩下的六个森林覆盖的小流域。其中两个流域的仪器监测流流量和其他四个发生在基岩暴露的春天。另一个研究区域位于日本西部北方京都县（大江地区）。在这里，春天的分布和季节性流量进行了监测，在两个陡峭的盆地下的蛇纹岩。明显不同的径流响应进行了观察：花岗岩流域表现出一个大而快速的径流峰值，正好与降雨峰值（类型1），页岩和蛇纹岩盆地表现出小的初始径流峰值，其次是最大峰值流量的5至10倍，凸衰退肢体（类型2）。基岩泉水径流响应具有类似于1型过程线的特征;然而，只有当前期降水指数较大时，流量才增加，降雨事件发生后，径流峰值延迟10 h至1周。在大江地区，特别是在干旱时期，随着海拔高度的增加，泉水的比流量下降。这种下降的流量与海拔表明，通过基岩裂缝的深层地下水流系统有助于在蛇形盆地的暴雨水流。当比较径流响应和泉水流量时，缓慢或双峰径流响应可能是陡峭山区基岩地下流出对暴雨径流产生影响的一个很好的指标。版权所有© 2001约翰威利父子有限公司。
The influence of bedrock subsurface flow on storm runoff generation was investigated in Japan in two regions in Japan underlain by three bedrock types. One region, with approximately 2500 m of relief, is located in the Japan Alps, central Japan (In a region), where six small forest‐covered watersheds underlain by granite and Mesozoic shale were studied. Two of these watersheds were instrumented to monitor stream discharge and the other four are springs occurring at the bedrock exposure. The other study area is in northern Kyoto prefecture, western Japan (Oe region). Here, spring distribution and seasonal flow were monitored in two steep basins underlain by serpentinite rocks. Distinctly different runoff responses were observed: the granite watershed exhibited a large and rapid runoff peak that coincided with the rainfall peak (type 1); and the shale and serpentinite basins exhibited small initial runoff peaks followed by a maximum peak discharge five to ten times greater with a convex recession limb (type 2). Runoff response from bedrock springs had characteristics similar to type 1 hydrographs; however, discharge increased only when the antecedent precipitation index was large and the runoff peak was delayed between 10 h and 1 week after rain events. The specific discharge of the springs decreased with increase in altitude in the Oe region, especially in dry periods. This decline in discharge with elevation suggests that a deep subsurface flow system through bedrock fissures contributes to the storm water flow in serpentinate basins. When comparing runoff response and spring discharge, slow or double peak runoff response may be a good indicator of the influence of bedrock subsurface outflow on storm runoff generation in steep mountainous regions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.