More than two decades of research on insect neuropeptide GPCRs: an overview.
More than two decades of research on insect neuropeptide GPCRs: an overview.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2012.00151
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Schoofs L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caers J;Verlinden H;Zels S;Vandersmissen HP;Vuerinckx K;Schoofs L
本综述重点关注昆虫神经肽受体的最新技术。这些受体大多数是 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR)，参与昆虫一生中几乎所有生理过程的调节。 20 多年前，第一个昆虫神经肽受体（即果蝇速激肽样受体）的表征实现了无脊椎动物内分泌学的里程碑。然而，直到 2000 年果蝇基因组公布后，神经肽受体的研究才得以推进。在过去的十年中，其他昆虫物种的大量基因组信息也变得可用，从而使人们能够更好地了解神经肽信号系统及其细胞内途径的功能和进化。很明显，其中一些系统在所有昆虫物种中都是保守的，这表明它们在其生理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。与此同时，其他信号系统似乎在一些昆虫目或物种中丢失了，这表明它们的作用在这些昆虫中是多余的，或者其他神经肽已经取代了它们的功能。令人惊讶的是，神经肽 GPCR 的去孤儿化受到了广泛关注，但随后它们引发的细胞内途径的阐明或其生理功能却常常很少被研究。特别是在果蝇以外的昆虫中，这种信息即使不是不存在，也是稀缺的。尽管在表征神经肽信号系统方面取得了巨大进展，但即使在果蝇中，一些预测的神经肽受体仍然是孤儿，等待其内源配体被确定。本综述概述了过去二十年昆虫神经肽受体研究的概况。但必须强调的是，迄今为止所做的工作只是冰山一角，我们对这些重要信号系统的全面了解在未来几年仍将大幅增加。
This review focuses on the state of the art on neuropeptide receptors in insects. Most of these receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation of virtually all physiological processes during an insect's life. More than 20 years ago a milestone in invertebrate endocrinology was achieved with the characterization of the first insect neuropeptide receptor, i.e., the Drosophila tachykinin-like receptor. However, it took until the release of the Drosophila genome in 2000 that research on neuropeptide receptors boosted. In the last decade a plethora of genomic information of other insect species also became available, leading to a better insight in the functions and evolution of the neuropeptide signaling systems and their intracellular pathways. It became clear that some of these systems are conserved among all insect species, indicating that they fulfill crucial roles in their physiological processes. Meanwhile, other signaling systems seem to be lost in several insect orders or species, suggesting that their actions were superfluous in those insects, or that other neuropeptides have taken over their functions. It is striking that the deorphanization of neuropeptide GPCRs gets much attention, but the subsequent unraveling of the intracellular pathways they elicit, or their physiological functions are often hardly examined. Especially in insects besides Drosophila this information is scarce if not absent. And although great progress made in characterizing neuropeptide signaling systems, even in Drosophila several predicted neuropeptide receptors remain orphan, awaiting for their endogenous ligand to be determined. The present review gives a précis of the insect neuropeptide receptor research of the last two decades. But it has to be emphasized that the work done so far is only the tip of the iceberg and our comprehensive understanding of these important signaling systems will still increase substantially in the coming years.