Effect of Magnet Types on Performance of High-Speed Spoke Interior-Permanent-Magnet Machines Designed for Traction Applications
Effect of Magnet Types on Performance of High-Speed Spoke Interior-Permanent-Magnet Machines Designed for Traction Applications
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DOI：
10.1109/tia.2014.2375380
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Alexander, James P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Galioto, Steven J.;Reddy, Patel B.;Alexander, James P.
内部永磁(PM)电机被认为是牵引电机的最先进技术，特别是在轻型混合动力和电动汽车中。这些电机通常使用NdFeB(NdFeB)永磁材料。这些磁体既包括轻稀土材料，如钕(ND)，也包括重稀土材料，如镝(Dy)。Dy的主要目的是提高磁体的矫顽力，以避免在高温下的退磁以及磁通的减弱。使用这些稀土磁铁的主要风险之一是其价格在过去几年中的大幅波动/上涨。使用大量这种磁铁的应用，如牵引电机和风力发电机，受到这些波动的影响最大。在不牺牲太多性能的情况下，全球一直在努力减少或消除稀土材料(特别是最昂贵的Dy)的使用。本文将重点介绍针对牵引应用的高级轮辐设计。这篇论文的目标是提出新的轮辐设计，使用不同等级的无Dy磁体以及针对相同规格集的铁氧体。本文将对各种设计进行详细的比较，突出在功率密度、效率、弱磁能力和退磁磁敏性方面的关键权衡。此外，还利用铁氧体材料制作了样机并进行了测试，并给出了实验结果。
Interior permanent magnet (PM) machines are considered the state of the art for traction motors, particularly in light-duty hybrid and electrical vehicles. These motors usually use neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) PMs. These magnets include both light rare-earth materials such as neodymium (Nd) as well as heavy rare-earth materials such as dysprosium (Dy). The main purpose of Dy is to enhance the magnet coercivity to avoid demagnetization under both high temperatures as well as flux weakening. One of the key risks in terms of using these rare-earth magnets is the significant fluctuation/increase in their prices over the past few years. Applications that use large quantities of these magnets, such as traction motors and wind generators, are the most affected by these fluctuations. There has been an ongoing global effort to try to reduce or eliminate the use of rare-earth materials (particularly Dy which is the most expensive) without sacrificing too much performance. This paper will focus on advanced spoke designs targeting traction applications. The goal of this paper is to come up with new spoke designs using various grades of Dy-free magnets as well as ferrites targeting the same set of specifications. This paper will provide a detailed comparison between the various designs highlighting the key tradeoffs in terms of power density, efficiency, flux-weakening capability, and magnet susceptibility to demagnetization. Also, a prototype using ferrites has been built and tested, and the experimental results will be presented.