Modeling Gender Effects of Pakistan's Trade Liberalization
Modeling Gender Effects of Pakistan's Trade Liberalization
复制标题
巴基斯坦贸易自由化的性别影响建模
DOI：
10.1080/13545700902964295
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
R. Siddiqui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Siddiqui
摘要：本研究使用了专门为调查巴基斯坦贸易自由化对生产和消费影响的性别维度而构建的可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型。该模型采用各种指标来衡量性别影响，包括收入贫困（福斯特-格里尔-索贝克[FGT]指数）、时间贫困（休闲）、能力贫困（识字率和婴儿死亡率）和福利（等效变异[EV]）。模拟结果表明，巴基斯坦收入中性的贸易自由化增加了妇女在非技术性工作中的就业，并且在所有类型的劳动中，妇女的实际工资收入的增加都超过了男性，但仍使劳动分工对妇女存在偏见。研究发现，巴基斯坦的贸易自由化对相对贫困家庭的妇女产生了不利影响，增加了她们的工作量、能力下降以及相对收入贫困的加剧。然而，其影响仍然是性别中立的，或者说有利于最富有家庭群体中的女性。
Abstract This study uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model specially constructed for investigating gender dimensions of the effects of trade liberalization in Pakistan in both production and consumption. The model employs various indicators to measure the gendered impacts, including income poverty (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke [FGT] Indices), time poverty (leisure), capability poverty (literacy and infant mortality), and welfare (Equivalent Variation [EV]). The simulation results show that revenue-neutral trade liberalization in Pakistan increased women's employment in unskilled jobs and increased women's real wage income more than men's for all types of labor, but kept the division of labor biased against women. The study finds that Pakistan's trade liberalization adversely affected women in relatively poor households by increasing their workload, deteriorating capabilities, and increasing relative income poverty. However, the effects remained gender neutral or favored women in the richest group of households.