Innovative no-till seeding technology improves yield and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing environmental pressure in wheat after rice harvesting
Innovative no-till seeding technology improves yield and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing environmental pressure in wheat after rice harvesting
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2023.105908
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Miao Liu;Xiaoli Wu;Ming Li;Tao Xiong;Chao-su Li;Yong-lu Tang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miao Liu;Xiaoli Wu;Ming Li;Tao Xiong;Chao-su Li;Yong-lu Tang
优化耕作和播种策略对于提高作物生产力和氮素利用效率（NUE），同时减少环境影响非常重要。在长江流域湿粘土壤上，水稻收获后，采用一种新的免耕播种技术（INtS），可有效地提高播种质量和小麦产量。然而，尚未对INtS技术的产量、NUE和生态环境效益进行全面评估。本研究采用田间小区和微区相结合的15 N示踪方法，采用两种小麦播种技术（INtS和典型旋耕播种（TRtS）技术）和三种施氮量（0、90和180 kg ha−1），进行了连续三年的田间试验。本研究评估了水稻收获后小麦生产的产量、氮素利用效率、肥料/秸秆氮的去向、氮收支和环境足迹。结果表明，与传统施肥技术相比，INtS技术下小麦的平均产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率分别提高了27.2%、28.9%和31.9%。通过对15 N标记肥料/秸秆氮在土壤-作物系统中的多季去向追踪发现，在INtS技术下，第一季肥料氮和稻草氮分别有43.8%和6.0%被小麦植株回收，而在TRtS技术下分别只有29.0%和4.1%。在5个生长季中，INtS技术的肥料和秸秆氮累积回收率分别比TRtS技术高26.2%和15.6%，而肥料和秸秆氮的总损失分别比TRtS技术低20.6%和20.0%。第5季以后，秸秆氮仍有50%以上残留在土壤中，而肥料氮仅占14.5-23.6%。此外，INtS技术显着减少了肥料/秸秆氮的损失时，在随后的水稻生长季节应用。与TRtS技术不同，INtS可以维持低水平的土壤氮平衡（N180为2.1 kg N ha− 1），并在小麦生长季产生较少的土壤表层氮盈余。平均而言，INtS显着减少碳足迹和氮足迹在小麦生长季节分别为26.8%和19.1%。总之，INtS技术可以显著提高作物产量和农业可持续性，同时最大限度地减少中国YRB和世界其他具有类似田间条件的地区种植水稻后对小麦生产的负面环境影响。
Optimizing tillage and seeding strategies is important for increasing crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while reducing environmental impact. A newly developed innovative no-till seeding (INtS) technology was shown to effectively enhance seeding quality and increase wheat yield in wet clay soil after puddled rice harvest in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China. However, comprehensive assessments of the yield, NUE, and eco-environmental benefits of INtS technology have not been performed. The present study conducted a consecutive three-year field experiment combining field plots and microplots with the15N tracer method using two wheat seeding technologies (INtS and typical rotary-till seeding (TRtS) technology) and three nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 90, and 180 kg ha−1). The study evaluated the yield, NUE, fate of fertilizer/straw N, N budgets, and environmental footprints of wheat production after rice harvesting. The results showed that compared with TRtS, the average yield, N uptake and NUE of wheat under INtS technology increased by 27.2%, 28.9%, and 31.9%, respectively. By tracing the multi-seasonal fate of15N-labeled fertilizer/straw N in soil-crop systems, it was found that 43.8% and 6.0% of fertilizer N and rice straw N applied in the first wheat growing season were recovered by wheat plants in the same season under INtS technology, which significantly decreased to 29.0% and 4.1% for TRtS technology. Over the five growing seasons, the cumulative recoveries of fertilizer and straw N for INtS technology were 26.2% and 15.6% higher, while the total fertilizer and straw N losses were 20.6% and 20.0% lower than those for TRtS technology, respectively. Over 50% of straw N remained in the soil after the fifth growing season, while only 14.5–23.6% of fertilizer N remained. In addition, INtS technology significantly reduced the fertilizer/straw N losses when applied in the subsequent rice growing season. Unlike TRtS technology, INtS could maintain a low-level soil N balance (2.1 kg N ha−1for N180) and generate less soil surface N surplus in the wheat growing season. On average, INtS significantly reduced the carbon footprint and N footprint in the wheat growing season by 26.8% and 19.1%, respectively. In conclusion, INtS technology can significantly improve crop production and agricultural sustainability while minimizing negative environmental impacts for wheat production after rice cultivation in the YRB of China and other areas of the world with similar field conditions.