Morningness-eveningness and intelligence among high-achieving US students: Night owls have higher GMAT scores than early morning types in a top-ranked MBA program
Morningness-eveningness and intelligence among high-achieving US students: Night owls have higher GMAT scores than early morning types in a top-ranked MBA program
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2014.09.009
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Maestripieri, Dario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Piffer, Davide;Ponzi, Davide;Maestripieri, Dario
有早起倾向的人（“早起”类型）和喜欢熬夜的人（“夜猫子”）通常表现出独特的心理和生理特征。先前的研究表明，夜猫子在认知能力和学习成绩的不同指标上得分高于早起的人。基线皮质醇是与生理类型和认知功能变化相关的生理变量之一。在这项研究中，我们调查了在智力和学术成就的高范围内，即在美国排名第一的MBA课程的研究生中，时钟类型和表现之间的关系是否也存在。此外，我们测量了下午早些时候收集的唾液样本中的基线皮质醇水平，并分析了它们与时钟类型和GMAT分数的关系。正如预测的那样，夜猫子的GMAT分数明显高于早起类型，无论性别如何。男性的GMAT分数也明显高于女性，无论生理时钟类型如何。早睡/晚睡与睡眠量或本科生或研究生GPA分数的变化没有显著相关性，这表明晚睡与GMAT高分之间的关联不是由于学习努力或技能的差异。性别、生理时钟类型和基线皮质醇共同解释了GMAT分数总方差的14%;然而，基线皮质醇并不介导生理时钟类型对GMAT分数的影响。与之前的研究结果一致，我们的研究表明，时间类型对认知能力和学习成绩的影响相对较小，但即使在高成就的个体中也可以检测到。夜间性和高认知功能的机制尚不清楚，但人格特质和神经内分泌功能的作用值得进一步研究。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Individuals with a propensity to wake up early in the morning ("early-morning" types) and those who like to stay up late at night ("night owls") often exhibit distinctive psychological and physiological profiles. Previous research has shown that night owls score higher than early-morning people on different measures of cognitive ability and academic achievement Baseline cortisol is one of the physiological variables associated with variation in chronotype and cognitive function. In this study we investigated whether a relationship between chronotype and performance is present also in the high range of intellectual ability and academic achievement, namely, among graduate students in a top-ranked MBA program in the US. In addition, we measured baseline cortisol levels in saliva samples collected in the early afternoon and analyzed them in relation to chronotype and GMAT scores. As predicted, GMAT scores were significantly higher among night owls than among early-morning types, regardless of sex. GMAT scores were also significantly higher among men than women, regardless of chronotype. Morningness/eveningness was not significantly associated with variation in sleep amount or in undergraduate or graduate GPA scores, suggesting that the association between eveningness and high GMAT scores was not due to differences in study effort or skills. Sex, chronotype and baseline cortisol jointly accounted for 14% of the total variance in GMAT scores; baseline cortisol, however, did not mediate the effect of chronotype on GMAT scores. Consistent with the results of previous research, our study shows that the effects of chronotype on cognitive ability and academic performance are relatively small but detectable even among high-achieving individuals. The mechanism linking eveningness and high cognitive function remains unclear but the role of personality traits and neuroendocrine function warrants further investigation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.