How Approaches to Animal Swarm Intelligence Can Improve the Study of Collective Intelligence in Human Teams
How Approaches to Animal Swarm Intelligence Can Improve the Study of Collective Intelligence in Human Teams
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DOI：
10.3390/jintelligence8010009
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lisa O'Bryan;M. Beier;Eduardo Salas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lisa O'Bryan;M. Beier;Eduardo Salas
团队行为的研究人员长期以来一直对有效团队合作的基本要素感兴趣。现有的许多研究侧重于检验团队成员特征、团队过程和团队结果（如集体智慧或团队绩效）之间的相关性。然而，这些方法不足以深入了解团队合作各要素相互作用并影响团队结果产生的动态因果机制。动物行为领域的进展使人们能够精确理解使群体能够完成超越其个体成员能力的行为机制。在本文中，我们强调对动物群体智能的研究如何为人类团队的集体智慧研究提供信息。通过提高获取团队行为和结果的精确、随时间变化的测量值的能力，并基于群体智能研究中使用的方法来分析和模拟个体及群体层面的行为，研究人员可以深入了解集体智慧产生的潜在机制。这种理解可以激发有针对性的干预措施，以提高团队效率，并支持建立动物群体和人类群体层面智力的比较框架。
Researchers of team behavior have long been interested in the essential components of effective teamwork. Much existing research focuses on examining correlations between team member traits, team processes, and team outcomes, such as collective intelligence or team performance. However, these approaches are insufficient for providing insight into the dynamic, causal mechanisms through which the components of teamwork interact with one another and impact the emergence of team outcomes. Advances in the field of animal behavior have enabled a precise understanding of the behavioral mechanisms that enable groups to perform feats that surpass the capabilities of the individuals that comprise them. In this manuscript, we highlight how studies of animal swarm intelligence can inform research on collective intelligence in human teams. By improving the ability to obtain precise, time-varying measurements of team behaviors and outcomes and building upon approaches used in studies of swarm intelligence to analyze and model individual and group-level behaviors, researchers can gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the emergence of collective intelligence. Such understanding could inspire targeted interventions to improve team effectiveness and support the development of a comparative framework of group-level intelligence in animal and human groups.