Microbial diversity in soils from antimony mining sites: geochemical control promotes species enrichment
Microbial diversity in soils from antimony mining sites: geochemical control promotes species enrichment
复制标题
锑矿区土壤微生物多样性：地球化学控制促进物种富集
DOI：
10.1007/s10311-020-00975-1
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发表时间：
2020-02-24
影响因子：
15.7
通讯作者：
Hursthouse, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Deng, Renjian;Tang, Zhie;Hursthouse, Andrew
在大规模开采锑的地方，土壤中的锑(Sb)和其他污染物的浓度经常升高。例如，中国中南部的锡矿山锑矿数百年来一直在向土壤生态系统中分散和空间可变地输入有毒元素。我们利用这种独特的环境来评估地球化学条件对土壤微生物的影响。通过监测有毒元素的绝对和有效部分以及破坏的土壤性质来评估地球化学条件。采用高通量测序和统计分析方法，包括主成分分析和典型对应分析，对土壤微生物进行了研究。结果表明，Sb的浓度在970到24,000 mg/kg以上。As浓度比区域背景值高3倍，铅高10倍，镉高590倍，汞高30倍。大约5%-10%的土壤SB是环境可移动的。微生物多样性较高，土壤pH、有机质、铁和硫酸盐等性质控制着微生物的绝对活性。我们发现与特定的细菌分类群有很强的正相关和负相关，这表明：(1)对所有元素的有效组分，例如双胞菌、细小杆菌、链球菌都有很好的耐受性；(2)对所有元素的有效组分，例如Povalibacter、Sparto细菌都有很好的耐受性；以及(3)混合反应，耐受有效的Sb、Hg和Cd，以及As、Pb的抑制，例如Escherichia/Shigellaus和Arthrobacter，反之亦然，例如Gemmatmonas和Sphingomonas。该站点拥有由革兰氏阴性菌主导的巨大多样性，其中许多具有杆状(杆菌)形态，但也有一些丝状形式，以及广泛的代谢能力：厌氧菌，例如糖化细菌，金属氧化，例如地杆菌，化学自养，例如Gemmata，以及硫还原，例如，硫磺单胞菌。突出了节杆菌和大肠杆菌/志贺氏菌对SB防治的生物修复潜力。
Elevated soil concentrations of antimony (Sb) and co-contaminants are frequently encountered where antimony has been mined on a large scale. For instance, the Xikuangshan antimony mine in central South China has sustained, over many centuries, dispersed and spatially variable input of toxic elements into the soil ecosystem. We utilized this unique environment to assess the impact of geochemical conditions on soil microbiology. Geochemical conditions were assessed by monitoring absolute and available fractions of toxic elements and disrupted soil properties. Soil microbiology was studied by high-throughput sequencing and statistical analysis, including principle component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. Results show that Sb concentrations were ranged from 970 to more than 24,000 mg/kg. As concentrations were three times higher than the regional background values and ten times higher for Pb, 590 times higher for Cd and 30 times higher for Hg. About 5–10% of the total soil Sb was environmentally mobile. Microbial diversity was high, and soil properties such as pH, organic matter, iron and sulfate controlled the absolute microbial activity. We identified strong positive and negative correlations with specific bacterial taxonomic groups which show: (1) an intolerance of available fractions for all elements, e.g.,Gemmatimonas, Pirellula, Spartobacteria; (2) a good tolerance of available fractions for all elements, e.g.,Povalibacter, Spartobacteria; and (3) a mixed response, tolerating available Sb, Hg and Cd and inhibition by As, Pb, e.g.,Escherichia/ShigellaandArthrobacter, and in reverse, e.g.,GemmatimonasandSphingomonas. The site hosts great diversity dominated by Gram-negative organisms, many with rod (bacillus) morphologies but also some filamentous forms, and a wide range of metabolic capabilities: anaerobes, e.g.,Saccharibacteria, metal oxidizing, e.g.,Geobacter, chemoautotrophs, e.g.,Gemmata, and sulfur reducing, e.g.,Desulfuromonas. The bioremediation potential ofArthrobacterandEscherichia/Shigellafor Sb control is highlighted.