Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis.
Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature13591
复制
发表时间：
2014-10-23
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Krause J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bos KI;Harkins KM;Herbig A;Coscolla M;Weber N;Comas I;Forrest SA;Bryant JM;Harris SR;Schuenemann VJ;Campbell TJ;Majander K;Wilbur AK;Guichon RA;Wolfe Steadman DL;Cook DC;Niemann S;Behr MA;Zumarraga M;Bastida R;Huson D;Nieselt K;Young D;Parkhill J;Buikstra JE;Gagneux S;Stone AC;Krause J
来自美洲的现代结核分枝杆菌菌株与来自欧洲的结核分枝杆菌菌株密切相关，支持了人类结核病是在接触后感染的假设。然而，这个概念与新大陆接触前结核病的考古证据是不相容的。现代分离株的比较基因组学表明，结核分枝杆菌是在更新世时期人类迁出非洲后在全球范围内分布的，尽管这一点尚未得到古代校准点的证实。在这里，我们展示了来自秘鲁人类骨骼的三个1000年前的分枝杆菌基因组，揭示了结核分枝杆菌复合体的一名成员在接触之前就导致了人类疾病。这些古老的菌株与已知的人类适应的菌株截然不同，与适应海豹和海狮的菌株关系最密切。两种独立的测年方法表明，结核分枝杆菌复合体的最新共同祖先是不到6000年前的，这支持了疾病的全新世传播。我们的结果表明，海洋哺乳动物在将疾病跨越海洋传播给人类的过程中发挥了作用。
Modern strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Americas are closely related to those from Europe, supporting the assumption that human tuberculosis was introduced post-contact. This notion, however, is incompatible with archaeological evidence of pre-contact tuberculosis in the New World. Comparative genomics of modern isolates suggests that M. tuberculosis attained its worldwide distribution following human dispersals out of Africa during the Pleistocene epoch, although this has yet to be confirmed with ancient calibration points. Here we present three 1,000-year-old mycobacterial genomes from Peruvian human skeletons, revealing that a member of the M. tuberculosis complex caused human disease before contact. The ancient strains are distinct from known human-adapted forms and are most closely related to those adapted to seals and sea lions. Two independent dating approaches suggest a most recent common ancestor for the M. tuberculosis complex less than 6,000 years ago, which supports a Holocene dispersal of the disease. Our results implicate sea mammals as having played a role in transmitting the disease to humans across the ocean.