Phosphate removal by adsorption to activated carbon.
Phosphate removal by adsorption to activated carbon.
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通过活性炭吸附去除磷酸盐。
DOI：
10.1265/jjh.42.710
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Tamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Boki;S. Tanada;T. Miyoshi;R. Yamasaki;N. Ohtani;T. Tamura
由于生活污水、污水处理设施的二级处理水和一些工厂的工业废水不断进入湖泊、海湾和内海，导致湖泊、海湾和内海中磷、氮等营养元素的浓度增加。其结果是，水体富营养化，水质下降，导致饮用水难闻、红湖等各种问题。在典型情况下，磷对藻类的生长起到了加速作用。此外，磷的浓度是富营养化程度的指标，必须去除其中一种或两种营养元素，即磷和氮，以防止这种富营养化。氨气提工艺或活性污泥法很难将氮去除到足够低的浓度。因此，防止富营养化需要有效的除磷。除磷的方法包括化学混凝、吸附、离子交换、结晶和生物除磷。目前应用最广泛的混凝工艺存在注药成本高、污泥产生量大等问题。另一方面，在结晶过程和生物除磷过程中，有许多技术问题需要解决。虽然目前在第二或第三步废水处理中经常采用活性碳吸附工艺，但对活性碳吸附磷酸盐的研究很少。这可能是因为据报道，活性碳不适合吸附无机离子或低级醇。然而，随着这一工艺在实际中的应用，有必要获得有关活性碳对磷的吸附性能的详细数据。利用合成硅酸铝、羟基磷灰石和离子交换树脂等非活性碳的吸附剂对含磷废水进行了吸附处理的基础研究。这些研究表明，磷酸盐在这类吸附剂上的吸附是通过化学吸附机理进行的。本研究通过对磷酸盐在活性碳上的吸附平衡和吸附速率的研究，为活性碳吸附去除含磷废水提供了基础数据。磷酸盐浓度被调整在第一或第二步处理水的范围内。所使用的吸附剂是H3PO4、NaH2PO4、KH2PO4和H6P4O13，据报道这些类型的处理后的水中含有这些物质。此外，还阐明了活性炭的孔径分布与吸附量和粒内扩散系数的关系。
The concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other nutritive elements in lakes, bays and inland seas are increased because domestic waste water, the second-step treated water from sewage treatment facilities, and the industrial waste water from some plants flow continuously into them. As a result, the waters are eutrophicated and the water quality is lowered, which results in unpalatable drinking water, red lakes, and various other problems. In typical cases, phosphorus acts as an accelerating substance for the growth of algae. Furthermore, phosphorus concentration is used as an indicator of the degree of eutrophication.Either or both of the nutritive elements, i.e., phosphorus and nitrogen, should be removed to prevent this eutrophication. It is difficult to remove nitrogen to a sufficiently low concentration by the ammonia stripping process or the activated sludge process. Therefore, prevention of eutriphication requires the effective removal of phosphorus.The methods for removing phosphorus include the chemical coagulation process, the adsorption process, the ion exchange process, the crystallization process, and the biological dephosphorization process. The coagulation process, which is most widely used, has problems as a result of the cost of chemical injection and the profuse generation of sludge. In the crystallization process and the biological dephosphorization process, on the other hand, there are many technical problems to be solved.Though recently an activated carbon adsorption process is often incorporated in the second-or the third-step liquid-waste treatment, there are very few studies on phosphate adsorption to activated carbon. This may be because activated carbon has been reported to be unsuitable for the adsorption of inorganic ions or lower alcohols. However, now that this process is utilized in practice, it is necessary to obtain detailed data on the properties of phosphate adsorption onto activated carbon.Basic studies on the adsorption treatment of phosphate-containing waste water have been carried out using adsorbents other than activated carbon, such as synthetic aluminium silicate, hydroxyapatite, and ion-exchange resin. These studies have shown that the adsorption of phosphate to such adsorbents proceeds through a chemical adsorption mechanisms.In the present study, the adsorption equilibrium and the adsorption rate of phosphate to activated carbon are examined to obtain basic data on the adsorption-removal treatment of phosphate-containing waste water by activated carbon. The phosphate concentrations were adjusted within the range of those in the first-or the second-step treated water. The adsorbates used are H3PO4, NaH2PO4, KH2PO4, and H6P4O13, which have been reported to be contained in these types of treated water.In addition, the relationships of the pore size distribution of activated carbon to the amount of adsorbate adsorbed and the intraparticle diffusivity are clarified.