Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity
Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0909686107
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发表时间：
2010-02-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Shapiro, Arthur M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forister, Matthew L.;McCall, Andrew C.;Shapiro, Arthur M.
气候变化和栖息地破坏与全球脊椎动物生物多样性的下降有关，包括哺乳动物、两栖动物、鸟类和鱼类。然而，无脊椎动物构成了全球物种丰富的绝大多数，气候变化和土地利用对无脊椎动物的综合影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们提供了35年来的数据，这些蝴蝶来自加利福尼亚州北部内华达山脉生物多样性热点地区10个地点的159种蝴蝶，海拔梯度跨度0-2775米。一半的地点物种丰富度已经下降，最低海拔的物种丰富度下降最严重，那里的栖息地破坏最严重。在高海拔地区，我们观察到物种的海拔范围明显上升，这与全球变暖的影响是一致的。综上所述，这些长期数据揭示了人类引起的变化对加州蝴蝶物种可用的气候和栖息地的相互影响的负面影响。此外，与干扰相关的稀有物种的减少表明，在估计和预测普遍应激源的影响时，应扩大传统上对更专门和较不分散的物种的保护重点，以包括整个动物群。
Climate change and habitat destruction have been linked to global declines in vertebrate biodiversity, including mammals, amphibians, birds, and fishes. However, invertebrates make up the vast majority of global species richness, and the combined effects of climate change and land use on invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here we present 35 years of data on 159 species of butterflies from 10 sites along an elevational gradient spanning 0-2,775 m in a biodiversity hotspot, the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Northern California. Species richness has declined at half of the sites, with the most severe reductions at the lowest elevations, where habitat destruction is greatest. At higher elevations, we observed clear upward shifts in the elevational ranges of species, consistent with the influence of global warming. Taken together, these long-term data reveal the interacting negative effects of human-induced changes on both the climate and habitat available to butterfly species in California. Furthermore, the decline of ruderal, disturbance-associated species indicates that the traditional focus of conservation efforts on more specialized and less dispersive species should be broadened to include entire faunas when estimating and predicting the effects of pervasive stressors.