Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides
Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides
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DOI：
10.1017/s004317450008975x
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Grossmann, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossmann, K
取代喹啉羧酸（BAS 514H）是一类新的高选择性生长素除草剂，其化学性质与从植物和土壤中分离出来的天然化合物相似。喹乐灭用于水稻中，以控制重要的双子叶和单子叶杂草，特别是谷仓草。该除草剂也被开发用于草坪、春小麦和化学休耕。喹诺酸很容易被发芽的种子、根和叶吸收，并在植物的顶端和基部进行转运。通过模拟生长素过量，喹诺酸影响敏感植物的植物激素系统。该化合物刺激诱导1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）合成酶活性，从而促进乙烯的生物合成。在易感植物中，乙烯水平的增加引发脱落酸（ABA）的积累，ABA作为喹诺酸内在生长素活性的一部分，在生长抑制和诱导生长和衰老中起主要作用。在敏感的禾草中，如谷仓草、大蟹草、阔叶信号草和绿狐尾草，二氯丙酸尤其会导致组织氰化物的积累，在ACC和乙烯合成增加的过程中作为副产物形成。这导致植物毒性，其特征是抑制根，特别是芽的生长，导致组织黄化和随后的坏死。在耐药水稻和抗性生物型稗草中未观察到这些效应。耐药禾草和敏感禾草对喹氯灭的吸收、转运或代谢无显著差异。因此，提出了一种基于靶点的选择性机制。ACC合成酶活性的诱导过程在喹诺菌的选择性除草作用中起主要作用。这是生长素、除草剂和生长素的共同作用，它会导致氰化物和/或ABA的积累，具体取决于植物种类和组织、组织中的化合物浓度及其生物活性。
Substituted quinolinecarboxylic acids, including quinclorac (BAS 514H), are a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides, which are chemically similar to naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants and soils. Quinclorac is used in rice to control important dicot and monocot weeds, particularly barnyardgrass. The herbicide has also been developed for application in turfgrass areas, spring wheat, and chemical fallow. Quinclorac is readily absorbed by germinating seeds, roots, and leaves and is translocated in the plant both acropetally and basipetally. By mimicking an auxin overdose, quinclorac affects the phytohormonal system in sensitive plants. The compound stimulates the induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase activity and thus promotes ethylene biosynthesis. In susceptible dicots, increased levels of ethylene trigger an accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), which, as part of the intrinsic auxin activity of quinclorac, plays a major role in growth inhibition and the induction of epinasty and senescence. In sensitive grasses, such as barnyardgrass species, large crabgrass, broadleaf signal grass, and green foxtail, quinclorac leads particularly to an accumulation of tissue cyanide, formed as a coproduct during increased ACC and ethylene synthesis. This causes phytotoxicity characterized by the inhibition of root and particularly shoot growth with tissue chlorosis and subsequent necrosis. These effects were not observed in tolerant rice and a resistant biotype of barnyardgrass. No significant differences in uptake, translocation, or metabolism of quinclorac between resistant and sensitive grasses were found. Hence, a target-site-based mechanism of selectivity is suggested. The induction process of the ACC synthase activity plays the primary role in the selective herbicide action of quinclorac. This is a common effect of auxin herbicides and auxins, which lead to the accumulation of cyanide and/or ABA depending on the plant species and tissues, the compound concentration in the tissue, and their biological activity.