EVOLUTION OF THE HIND WING IN COLEOPTERA
EVOLUTION OF THE HIND WING IN COLEOPTERA
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DOI：
10.4039/ent125181-2
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发表时间：
1993-03-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
LAWRENCE, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KUKALOVAPECK, J;LAWRENCE, JF
本文对鞘翅目昆虫后翅的翅脉、关节和折叠的主要特征进行了综述。该文件基于对108个鞘翅目科和200个标本的检查，并在101个已发表的数据中显示。翼脉和关节片与新翅目的翼平面元素同源，导致翼脉术语与鞘翅目通常使用的术语有很大不同。我们将目前使用的脉序命名法与全翅类同源符号之间的差异制成表格。使用新翅目的地面平面图，结合静脉进化的方式的知识，提供了许多与鞘翅目早期进化辐射有关的强有力的特征。该命令起源于由径向和内侧环执行的鞘翅下后翅顶端折叠的发育。环，这是非常复杂的脉序结构，进一步多样化的四个明显不同的方式，标志着最高（亚目）类群。其余的脉序和翼关节随着环的变化而改变，这在亚目、总科，有时甚至是科和族的水平上形成了额外的共形和自形。利用后翅特征重新研究了鞘翅目四个亚目之间的关系。鞘翅目中翅相关的无形态有16个，初胸目+食蚁兽-食蚁兽中有7个，食蚁兽-食蚁兽中有4个，食蚁兽中有7个，初胸目中有9个，而Polyphaga中有5个。提出了以下系统发育模式：Polyphaga [Archostemata（Adephaga + Myxophaga）]。脉序的证据，以确定两个主要的谱系（类和eucinetoid）内的亚目Polyphaga。描述了甲虫独特的顶翅折叠机制。主要根据最近的文献综述，讨论了翼折叠的衍生类型。鞘翅目和链翅目之间的姐妹群关系得到后翅证据的支持。
A survey is made of the major features of the venation, articulation, and folding in the hind wings of Coleoptera. The documentation is based upon examination of 108 Coleoptera families and 200 specimens, and shown in 101 published figures. Wing veins and articular sclerites are homologized with elements of the neopteran wing groundplan, resulting in wing vein terminology that differs substantially from that generally used by coleopterists. We tabulate the differences between currently used venational nomenclature and the all-pterygote homologous symbols. The use of the neopteran groundplan, combined with the knowledge of the way in which veins evolved, provides many strong characters linked to the early evolutionary radiation of Coleoptera. The order originated with the development of the apical folding of the hind wings under the elytra executed by the radial and medial loop. The loops, which are very complex venational structures, further diversified in four distinctly different ways which mark the highest (suborder) taxa. The remaining venation and the wing articulation have changed with the loops, which formed additional synapomorphies and autapomorphies at the suborder, superfamily, and sometimes even family and tribe levels. Relationships among the four currently recognized suborders of Coleoptera are reexamined using hind wing characters. The number of wing-related apomorphies are 16 in Coleoptera, seven in Archostemata + Adephaga-Myxophaga, four in Adephaga-Myxophaga, seven in Myxophaga, nine in Archostemata, and five in Polyphaga. The following phylogenetic scheme is suggested: Polyphaga [Archostemata (Adephaga + Myxophaga)]. Venational evidence is given to define two major lineages (the hydrophiloid and the eucinetoid) within the suborder Polyphaga. The unique apical wing folding mechanism of beetles is described. Derived types of wing folding are discussed, based mainly on a survey of recent literature. A sister group relationship between Coleoptera and Strepsiptera is supported by hind wing evidence.