The resonant drag instability (RDI): acoustic modes

The resonant drag instability (RDI): acoustic modes
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共振阻力不稳定性 (RDI):声学模式

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/sty1982
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Squire, Jonathan
Squire, Jonathan
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hopkins, Philip F;Squire, Jonathan

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最近,斯夸尔和霍普金斯表明,任何耦合的尘埃气体混合物是一类线性的“共振阻力不稳定性”(RDI)。即使在任意小的尘气质量比μ下,这些都可以驱动大的尘气比波动。在这里,我们确定和研究共振和新的非共振不稳定性,在简单的情况下,气体满足中性流体力学和支持声波()。气体和尘埃通过任意阻力定律耦合,并受到外部加速度(例如重力,辐射压力)的影响。如果存在尘埃漂移速度,系统是不稳定的。在共振附近,所有的尘气比μ都存在不稳定性,其增长率仅弱地依赖于μ,为μ1/3或μ1/2(依赖于波数)。行为的变化取决于漂移速度是否大于或小于声速cs。在超声速区,即使μ和耦合强度(停止时间)很小,增长率也随波数无限增加,出现“共振”不稳定性。在亚音速范围内,非共振不稳定性总是存在的,但它们的增长率不再朝着小波长无限增加。不稳定性的尺寸标度和定性行为不敏感地依赖于气体的阻力定律或状态方程。不稳定性直接驱动指数增长的灰尘与气体的比值波动,这可能是大的,即使模式是否则弱。我们讨论了冷星风,活动星系核驱动的风和鸟居,和星暴风的物理意义:不稳定性改变这些外流的性质,并可能驱动结块和/或湍流的尘埃和气体。
Recently, Squire & Hopkins showed any coupled dust–gas mixture is subject to a class of linear ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDI). These can drive large dust-to-gas ratio fluctuations even at arbitrarily small dust-to-gas mass ratios μ. Here, we identify and study both resonant and new non-resonant instabilities, in the simple case where the gas satisfies neutral hydrodynamics and supports acoustic waves (). The gas and dust are coupled via an arbitrary drag law and subject to external accelerations (e.g. gravity, radiation pressure). If there is any dust drift velocity, the system is unstable. The instabilities exist foralldust-to-gas ratios μ and their growth rates depend only weakly on μ around resonance, as ∼μ1/3or ∼μ1/2(depending on wavenumber). The behaviour changes depending on whether the drift velocity is larger or smaller than the sound speedcs. In the supersonic regime, a ‘resonant’ instability appears with growth rate increasingwithout limitwith wavenumber, even for vanishingly small μ and values of the coupling strength (stopping time). In the subsonic regime, non-resonant instabilities always exist, but their growth rates no longer increase indefinitely towards small wavelengths. The dimensional scalings and qualitative behaviour of the instability do not depend sensitively on the drag law or equation of state of the gas. The instabilities directly drive exponentially growing dust-to-gas-ratio fluctuations, which can be large even when the modes are otherwise weak. We discuss physical implications for cool-star winds, AGN-driven winds and torii, and starburst winds: the instabilities alter the character of these outflows and could drive clumping and/or turbulence in the dust and gas.
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